近日,国际著名杂志PLoS One在线刊登了中科院研究人员的最新研究成果“Semantic Processing Disturbance in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Meta-Analysis of the N400 Component。”精神分裂症患者的语言模式异于常人。在不同的疾病阶段,患者的语言表现为结构松散、上下文缺乏连贯、语言贫乏等等。研究者发现患者存在语义加工的缺损。然而,缺损究竟存在于语义加工的哪个阶段依然是一个悬而未决的问题。
理论上语义加工可以分成两个阶段:早期自动扩散的语义激活和晚期的情境加工。通过一项关于N400成分的元分析,中国科学院心理健康重点实验室神经心理学与应用认知神经科学(NACN)课题组的陈楚侨研究员和王葵博士试图回答这个问题。
对比患者和健康控制组的N400效应,靶向早期自动扩散的语义激活过程的研究产生了一个中等程度的效应值(Cohen’s d = 0.41),靶向晚期情境加工过程的研究产生了一个小效应值(Cohen’s d = 0.36)。此外,分析靶向晚期情境加工过程的研究,一致/相关条件下的N400波幅产生了一个中等程度的效应值(Cohen’s d = 0.52),且 N400差异波的潜伏期产生了一个大效应值(Cohen’s d = 0.82)。基于这些发现,陈楚侨研究员和王葵博士认为,精神分裂症患者早期自动扩散的语义激活过程和晚期的情境加工都存在缺损。在早期自动扩散的语义激活阶段患者对于相邻的语义节点的加工和对不相邻语义节点的加工过程类似。此外,患者加工语义情境相关内容效率低。这些发现对于考察整个精神分裂症谱系的语义加工过程非常重要。整个精神分裂症谱系不仅包括患者,还包括那些近期有高危的个体。
这项研究得到中国科学院“百人计划”项目、中科院知识创新工程和国家自然科学基金委的支持。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025435
PMC:
PMID:
Semantic Processing Disturbance in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Meta-Analysis of the N400 Component
Kui Wang1, Eric F. C. Cheung2, Qi-yong Gong3, Raymond C. K. Chan1*
Background Theoretically semantic processing can be separated into early automatic semantic activation and late contextualization. Semantic processing deficits have been suggested in patients with schizophrenia, however it is not clear which stage of semantic processing is impaired. We attempted to clarify this issue by conducting a meta-analysis of the N400 component. Methods Twenty-one studies met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis procedure. The Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software package was used to compute pooled effect sizes and homogeneity. Results Studies favoring early automatic activation produced a significant effect size of −0.41 for the N400 effect. Studies favoring late contextualization generated a significant effect size of −0.36 for the N400 effect, a significant effect size of −0.52 for N400 for congruent/related target words, and a significant effect size of 0.82 for the N400 peak latency. Conclusion These findings suggest the automatic spreading activation process in patients with schizophrenia is very similar for closely related concepts and weakly or remotely related concepts, while late contextualization may be associated with impairments in processing semantically congruent context accompanied by slow processing speed.