在情人节期间,不少人在探讨爱的真谛。美国一项不浪漫的研究结果显示,爱是一种大脑活动,会随着时间流逝而逐渐改变。
纽约州立大学斯托尼布鲁克分校和爱因斯坦医学院的研究人员共同进行系列实验。
第一个实验中,他们找来10名女性和7名男性,这些人都处于热恋中,恋爱时间从1个月到2年不等。研究人员给他们看各自爱人和与爱人相似之人的照片,同时扫描他们的大脑。
扫描结果显示,看到心上人照片时,这些人脑部与奖赏有关的部分活跃。
2月13日,“趣味科学”网站引述研究报告作者之一阿瑟·阿伦的话报道:“热烈的爱情使用的大脑机制与人对毒品上瘾时脑部活跃的部位相同。”
换句话说,恋爱中的人盼望见到恋人的心情如同瘾君子对毒品的渴求那样不可遏止。
研究人员说,浪漫的爱是一个人所能拥有的最强烈的情感。人类的大脑天生“预置”了一个配偶选择程序,会为赢得伴侣竭尽所能。有时,为了吸引心上人注意力,甚至不惜铤而走险。
“如果你恋爱了,你会感到快乐,同样也会感到焦虑,”参与研究的爱因斯坦医学院神经学家露西·布朗说,“那个人成为你生活的目标。”
如果追求成功,这个“目标”就会变成“奖赏”。她说,大脑中的负责奖赏的部分也是大脑的愉悦中心,它对大脑十分重要,“它能帮助我们分辨出,什么时候我们在开心”。
爱会随着时间流逝逐渐减少吗?
研究人员找来17名平均婚龄21岁,仍对伴侣有浓烈的爱意的志愿者,让他们看另一半的照片。大脑扫描结果显示,这些人看到照片时,脑部与依恋、爱慕有关的部位活跃。
“对大多数人来说,浓烈的爱会逐渐淡去,但彼此的依赖会逐渐增长。”阿伦说,这种依赖会让伴侣不离不弃,共同抚养后代。
阿伦说,大脑研究显示,爱的确会随着时间而改变,“只要爱还在,我们就会对这种关系慢慢习以为常,不担心伴侣会离开,所以就会逐渐不重视对方的需求”。(生物谷 Bioon.com)
doi:10.1093/scan/nsq092
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PMID:
Neural correlates of long-term intense romantic love
Bianca P. Acevedo, Arthur Aron, Helen E. Fisher and Lucy L. Brown
The present study examined the neural correlates of long-term intense romantic love using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Ten women and 7 men married an average of 21.4 years underwent fMRI while viewing facial images of their partner. Control images included a highly familiar acquaintance; a close, long-term friend; and a low-familiar person. Effects specific to the intensely loved, long-term partner were found in: (i) areas of the dopamine-rich reward and basal ganglia system, such as the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and dorsal striatum, consistent with results from early-stage romantic love studies; and (ii) several regions implicated in maternal attachment, such as the globus pallidus (GP), substantia nigra, Raphe nucleus, thalamus, insular cortex, anterior cingulate and posterior cingulate. Correlations of neural activity in regions of interest with widely used questionnaires showed: (i) VTA and caudate responses correlated with romantic love scores and inclusion of other in the self; (ii) GP responses correlated with friendship-based love scores; (iii) hypothalamus and posterior hippocampus responses correlated with sexual frequency; and (iv) caudate, septum/fornix, posterior cingulate and posterior hippocampus responses correlated with obsession. Overall, results suggest that for some individuals the reward-value associated with a long-term partner may be sustained, similar to new love, but also involves brain systems implicated in attachment and pair-bonding.