Neuron杂志于8月9日发表了上海生科院神经科学研究所杜久林研究组题为“斑马鱼发育期视网膜兴奋性突触功能的长时程增强”的研究论文。该工作通过运用在体研究方法,首次发现了视网膜突触功能在发育时期具有长时程增强(long-term potentiation, LTP)的能力。该工作主要由博士生魏宏平等在杜久林研究员的指导下完成。
LTP被认为是动物学习/记忆和发育过程中经验依赖性的神经环路修饰的突触机制之一。尽管大量的研究已发现,在发育时期,视觉经验和神经活动对于视网膜神经环路的形成至关重要,但LTP在视网膜中是否存在还是个迷。
该工作以斑马鱼为模式动物,利用在体全细胞电生理和在体双光子成像等技术,在整体动物上研究LTP是否存在于发育期的视网膜。首先,作者发现在出生后3 - 6天的斑马鱼上,高频电脉冲刺激能够在视网膜双极细胞(bipolar cell)到神经节细胞(retinal ganglion cell)这一级兴奋性突触上诱导LTP,而在15 - 20天的动物上则不能;该LTP的诱导需要突触后NMDA受体的激活。其次,该LTP的表达涉及突触前的变化,包括双极细胞轴突末端钙反应的长时程增加;微小兴奋性突触后电流(mEPSC)频率的增加;突触后电流的配对脉冲比率(PPR)及变异系数(CV)的降低等。药理实验表明这些突触前的变化主要由突触逆向信号分子花生四烯酸(arachidonic acid)介导。进一步的功能实验发现,重复的光刺激也能在同一级突触上诱导LTP,并且由电刺激和不同种模式的光刺激诱导产生的LTP都能有效增加神经节细胞的对光反应。该工作首次阐明了LTP的确存在于发育时期的视网膜中,为视觉经验引起的视觉神经环路修饰和发育提供了突触机制。
该研究工作受到科技部“973”和重大科学研究计划、中国科学院“百人计划”、以及上海市科委“浦江人才”计划和基础研究重大项目等基金资助。(生物谷bioon.com)
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.05.031
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Activity-Induced Long-Term Potentiation of Excitatory Synapses in Developing Zebrafish Retina In Vivo
Activity-Induced Long-Term Potentiation of Excitatory Synapses in Developing Zebrafish Retina In Vivo
Neural activity-induced long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic transmission is believed to be one of the cellular mechanisms underlying experience-dependent developmental refinement of neural circuits. Although it is well established that visual experience and neural activity are critical for the refinement of retinal circuits, whether and how LTP occurs in the retina remain unknown. Using in vivo perforated whole-cell recording and two-photon calcium imaging, we find that both repeated electrical and visual stimulations can induce LTP at excitatory synapses formed by bipolar cells on retinal ganglion cells in larval but not juvenile zebrafish. LTP induction requires the activation of postsynaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, and its expression involves arachidonic acid-dependent presynaptic changes in calcium dynamics and neurotransmitter release. Physiologically, both electrical and visual stimulation-induced LTP can enhance visual responses of retinal ganglion cells. Thus, LTP exists in developing retinae with a presynaptic locus and may serve for visual experience-dependent refinement of retinal circuits.