2012年10月2日 讯 /生物谷BIOON/ --对很多人来说,保持健康的体重可能是困难的,现在有研究证实我们的大脑和机体能一起工作调控体重,可以实现一个能源平衡现象。这种平衡可能是由于大脑下丘脑区域神经生物学功能交互作用的结果,而这个交互作用一旦出现差错时,就会出现肥胖或厌食现象。
很少有人知道这个复杂的交互作用细节。现在,以色列女执事医疗中心(BIDMC)研究人员开展的一项新研究为这种复杂性提供了新的见解。相关研究结果发表在10月26日的Cell杂志上,研究结果主要揭示了GABA神经递质是如何有选择地调控能源平衡,明白其中机制有助于解释棕色脂肪的燃烧性能。
研究人员已经建成了大脑中一个控制食欲和燃烧热量的神经线路图,为了实现这一目的,我们需要知道特定亚群的神经元功能,上游神经元的输入信号和下游神经元的输出信号。下丘脑是大脑中能量平衡控制中心,这种平衡的结果是由大脑接收反馈信号,然后整合外部信号的输入共同完成的。
在这项新研究中,研究人员调查了大脑中下丘脑弓状核神经元。利用基因缺陷工程小鼠(神经元释放抑制性神经递质GABA),这一缺陷的小鼠会显著出现肥胖现象,值得注意的是,他们的肥胖完全是因为燃烧热量功能缺陷而导致的,这些小鼠的食物的摄入量是完全不受影响的。
研究人员发现当他们开启大脑中神经元时,能量的消耗完全取决于GABA的释放。这些结果揭示了,弓状核神经元调控GABA的释放,影响能源开支。现在重要的是要充分划定控制产热的弓形神经元,构建出一个清晰明确的调控网络图,开发有效的肥胖及其相关并发症的治疗方法。(生物谷:Bioon.com)
doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.09.020
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GABAergic RIP-Cre Neurons in the Arcuate Nucleus Selectively Regulate Energy Expenditure
Dong Kong, Qingchun Tong, Chianping Ye, Shuichi Koda, Patrick M. Fuller, Michael J. Krashes, Linh Vong, Russell S. Ray, David P. Olson, Bradford B. Lowell
Neural regulation of energy expenditure is incompletely understood. By genetically disrupting GABAergic transmission in a cell-specific fashion, and by combining this with selective pharmacogenetic activation and optogenetic mapping techniques, we have uncovered an arcuate-based circuit that selectively drives energy expenditure. Specifically, mice lacking synaptic GABA release from RIP-Cre neurons have reduced energy expenditure, become obese and are extremely sensitive to high-fat diet-induced obesity, the latter due to defective diet-induced thermogenesis. Leptins ability to stimulate thermogenesis, but not to reduce feeding, is markedly attenuated. Acute, selective activation of arcuate GABAergic RIP-Cre neurons, which monosynaptically innervate PVH neurons projecting to the NTS, rapidly stimulates brown fat and increases energy expenditure but does not affect feeding. Importantly, this response is dependent upon GABA release from RIP-Cre neurons. Thus, GABAergic RIP-Cre neurons in the arcuate selectively drive energy expenditure, contribute to leptins stimulatory effect on thermogenesis, and protect against diet-induced obesity.