根据美国埃默里大学和佛罗里达大学梅欧诊所研究人员的一项研究,测定血液和脑脊液中神经损伤蛋白可反映肌萎缩侧索硬化(ALS)的病情进展。这项检测方法将有望帮助医生和研究人员确定ALS病情迅速进展风险最高的患者,为这些患者提供目前正在研究或处于测试阶段的新治疗方法。
我们都知道,ALS - 也被称为卢伽雷氏病 - 是一种渐进的神经退行性疾病,是由于控制随意肌运动的运动神经元功能恶化所致。佛罗里达州-梅欧诊所ALS诊所医疗主任Kevin Boylan博士说,ALS患者病情进展的速度差异很大,明确诊断后的生存期从数月至10年或更长时间不等。
该项研究的首席研究员Boylan博士说,“在治疗ALS患者时,我们需要更可靠的方法以确定疾病进展速度。许多ALS的研究人员尝试寻找神经损伤的分子生物标志物检测方法,让我们备受鼓舞的是本研究的结果颇具应用前景。因为采集血液样本比采集脑脊液更容易,我们下一步特别感兴趣的是对这一方法检测脑脊液和外周血标本的差异进行比较。
研究所测定的是血液和脑脊液中重链神经丝蛋白(NF-H)。正常情况下,这些蛋白质维持运动神经元的结构。而当发生疾病导致神经受损时,蛋白质分解并游离进入血清和脑脊液中。这方面的前期研究由佛罗里达大学神经科学家Gerry Shaw博士进行,他也是这项研究的资深研究者,同时也建立了本研究神经丝蛋白测定方法。
研究人员测定了梅欧诊所和埃默里大学ALS患者血液和脑脊液样本中的重链神经丝蛋白水平,发现该蛋白水平与病情进展速度相关。Boylan博士说,“我们证实该蛋白水平较高与肌无力进展更快显著相关,还有证据表明重链神经丝蛋白水平较高的ALS患者生存期较短。
目前尚无法治愈ALS,也没有能使患者显著获益的治疗手段,许多治疗方法尚在研究之中。这样的检测方法有助于识别病情进展风险高的患者。Boylan博士说,对于主要延缓ALS病情进展的实验性治疗,可能更容易在病情进展较快的患者中发现治疗反应。但现在,临床研究中纳入的是病情进展速度不同的患者,这可能很难分析药物的疗效。Boylan博士说:“如果有一种方法可以识别哪些患者病情进展可能相对较快,就有可能用较小样本量的患者在更短的时间内进行治疗性试验。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1136/jnnp-2012-303768
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Phosphorylated neurofilament heavy subunit (pNF-H) in peripheral blood and CSF as a potential prognostic biomarker in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Boylan KB, Glass JD, Crook JE, Yang C, Thomas CS, Desaro P, Johnston A, Overstreet K, Kelly C, Polak M, Shaw G.
BACKGROUND: The phosphorylated neurofilament heavy subunit (pNF-H), a major structural component of motor axons, is a promising putative biomarker in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) but has been studied mainly in CSF. We examined pNF-H concentrations in plasma, serum and CSF as a potential biomarker for disease progression and survival in ALS. METHODOLOGY: We measured pNF-H concentration by monoclonal sandwich ELISA in plasma (n=43), serum and CSF (n=20) in ALS patients collected at the Mayo Clinic Florida and Emory University. We included plasma from an ALS cohort (n=20) from an earlier pilot study in order to evaluate baseline pNF-H levels in relation to disease progression using the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R), survival and anatomical region of ALS onset. RESULTS: Higher pNF-H levels in plasma, serum and CSF showed evidence of association with faster decline in ALSFRS-R. There was evidence for a relationship of higher serum and plasma pNF-H levels with shorter survival, although evidence was weaker for CSF. pNF-H concentration in plasma (n=62) may be higher in patients with bulbar onset than in patients with spinal onset. CONCLUSIONS: In ALS, increased pNF-H concentration in plasma, serum and CSF appears to be associated with faster disease progression. Factors affecting pNF-H levels or their detection in serum and plasma in relation to disease course may differ from those in CSF. Data raising the possibility that site of ALS onset (bulbar vs spinal) may influence pNF-H levels in peripheral blood seems noteworthy but requires confirmation. These data support further study of pNF-H in CSF, serum and plasma as a potential ALS biomarker.