孤独症谱系障碍ASD的症状包括社交技能减弱、交流能力受损和重复性行为等。日前,研究人员在ASD小鼠实验中,成功使大脑中过量的蛋白合成回复正常,治愈了小鼠的上述孤独症行为。相关文章发表在最近一期的Nature杂志上。
孤独症是一种通常起病于3岁之前,以明显的社会交往障碍、言语沟通异常以及刻板的行为方式为特征,是一种广泛发育障碍,至今还没有可治愈的药物。“开发一种药物治疗孤独症谱系障碍并不容易,而我们的发现为人们提供了一条颇有潜力的途径,”文章资深作者,纽约大学神经科学中心的Eric Klann教授说。“这项研究不仅证实了相关疾病的一些共同联系,也展示了治愈孤独症谱系障碍令人兴奋的可能性。”
EIF4E基因的突变与孤独症有关,这种突变会导致eIF4E蛋白过量合成,增加eIF4E蛋白的水平。eIF4E蛋白过量合成也在脆性X综合症FXS等许多神经障碍中具有重要影响。因此,研究人员针对EIF4E基因展开了研究。
研究人员发现,eIF4E蛋白合成水平过高的小鼠表现出类似孤独症的行为,包括反复埋石头等重复性行为、社交减少以及行为缺乏灵活性(无法通过稍作修改的迷宫)。研究还显示,在这些小鼠与异常行为有关的大脑区域中,神经元间的通讯也发生了改变。
研究人员利用药物4EGI-1来减少eIF4E蛋白的合成水平,希望能够使患病小鼠的蛋白合成回复到正常水平,从而逆转类孤独症行为。
实验结果显示,接受治疗的小鼠重复性行为减少,与其它小鼠的交流增多,并且成功通过了稍作修改的迷宫,说明其行为的灵活性增强。研究人员指出,这些小鼠大脑中eIF4E蛋白的合成水平回复到了与正常小鼠相当的水平。
这项研究为人们提供了宝贵的孤独症小鼠模型,用这一模型可以方便地测试许多靶标eIF4E的药物。研究人员还指出,人们所开发的靶标eIF4E的癌症治疗药物,也将有望用于治疗孤独症患者。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1038/nature11782
PMC:
PMID:
Exaggerated translation causes synaptic and behavioural aberrations associated with autism
Emanuela Santini, Thu N. Huynh, Andrew F. MacAskill, Adam G. Carter, Philippe Pierre,Davide Ruggero, Hanoch Kaphzan & Eric Klann
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are an early onset, heterogeneous group of heritable neuropsychiatric disorders with symptoms that include deficits in social interaction skills, impaired communication abilities, and ritualistic-like repetitive behaviours1, 2. One of the hypotheses for a common molecular mechanism underlying ASDs is altered translational control resulting in exaggerated protein synthesis3. Genetic variants in chromosome 4q, which contains the EIF4Elocus, have been described in patients with autism4, 5. Importantly, a rare single nucleotide polymorphism has been identified in autism that is associated with increased promoter activity in theEIF4E gene6. Here we show that genetically increasing the levels of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) in mice7 results in exaggerated cap-dependent translation and aberrant behaviours reminiscent of autism, including repetitive and perseverative behaviours and social interaction deficits. Moreover, these autistic-like behaviours are accompanied by synaptic pathophysiology in the medial prefrontal cortex, striatum and hippocampus. The autistic-like behaviours displayed by the eIF4E-transgenic mice are corrected by intracerebroventricular infusions of the cap-dependent translation inhibitor 4EGI-1. Our findings demonstrate a causal relationship between exaggerated cap-dependent translation, synaptic dysfunction and aberrant behaviours associated with autism.