英国伦敦国王学院研究人员最近在美国《国家科学院学报》上发表论文称,压力与抑郁症之间的关联源于大脑皮质醇(一种应激激素)的负面效应,而抑制SGK1蛋白水平,能够有效地阻断这一效应。这一研究发现为抑郁症治疗新药的研发开辟了一条新途径。
长期饱受压力,很可能会导致抑郁症,这一关联背后的详细机制目前仍不为科学家所全面理解。据世界卫生组织估计,到2030年,抑郁症将成为全球最主要的疾病负担,而目前最好的抗抑郁药物的有效率也仅在50%到65%之间,开发新的、更有效的抑郁症治疗药物迫在眉睫。无论是抑郁症,还是抗抑郁药物,都与“神经形成”,即大脑不断生产新的脑细胞这一能力有关。当人饱受压力时,大脑皮质醇的水平会增高,而皮质醇会作用于糖皮质激素受体,降低大脑的神经形成能力,导致新生脑细胞减少。
在该项研究中,国王学院的研究人员通过对大脑海马体干细胞的研究发现,一种名为SGK1的蛋白对于调节皮质醇对神经形成的影响以及糖皮质激素受体行为具有重要作用。该蛋白水平增加,会增强皮质醇的负面效应,使得糖皮质激素受体长期保持活跃状态,即使该激素被清除出细胞,糖皮质激素受体的活跃状态依然会保持很长时间,进而大大降低了大脑的神经形成能力。通过实验,研究人员使用抑制SGK1蛋白的化合物(GSK650394),成功阻断了应激激素的负面效应,最终使新生脑细胞的数量得以增加。而通过动物模型和25位抑郁症患者的血液样本研究,研究人员最终证实了这一发现。
该论文第一作者、伦敦国王学院的克里斯托弗·阿纳克尔博士指出,神经形成能力下降被认为是导致抑郁症的重要因素,因此以调节这一过程的分子通路为标靶是一个潜在的抑郁症治疗方向。新发现对于理解压力对情绪的影响以至抑郁症的形成都十分重要,而未来通过药物降低病患体内SGK1蛋白水平可能会成为抑郁症治疗的一个有效手段。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐英文摘要:
PNAS doi:10.1073/pnas.1300886110
Role for the kinase SGK1 in stress, depression, and glucocorticoid effects on hippocampal neurogenesis
Stress and glucocorticoid hormones regulate hippocampal neurogenesis, but the molecular mechanisms mediating these effects are poorly understood. Here we identify the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) target gene, serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1), as one such mechanism. Using a human hippocampal progenitor cell line, we found that a small molecule inhibitor for SGK1, GSK650394, counteracted the cortisol-induced reduction in neurogenesis. Moreover, gene expression and pathway analysis showed that inhibition of the neurogenic Hedgehog pathway by cortisol was SGK1-dependent. SGK1 also potentiated and maintained GR activation in the presence of cortisol, and even after cortisol withdrawal, by increasing GR phosphorylation and GR nuclear translocation. Experiments combining the inhibitor for SGK1, GSK650394, with the GR antagonist, RU486, demonstrated that SGK1 was involved in the cortisol-induced reduction in progenitor proliferation both downstream of GR, by regulating relevant target genes, and upstream of GR, by increasing GR function. Corroborating the relevance of these findings in clinical and rodent settings, we also observed a significant increase of SGK1 mRNA in peripheral blood of drug-free depressed patients, as well as in the hippocampus of rats subjected to either unpredictable chronic mild stress or prenatal stress. Our findings identify SGK1 as a mediator for the effects of cortisol on neurogenesis and GR function, with particular relevance to stress and depression.