情感障碍(例如焦虑和抑郁)在全球范围内具有较高的发病率,往往给病人造成心理和生活上的诸多困扰和障碍,严重者更会表现出自杀倾向。因此,研究情感障碍的机理显得尤为迫切。情感障碍具有较强的遗传性。早前的研究已经发现,在高加索人(也称白种人) 中,编码5-羟色胺转运体蛋白的5-HTTLPR基因在焦虑和抑郁的发生中至关重要。5-HTTLPR短等位基因的存在对于白种人而言往往暗示着发生焦虑和抑郁的较大可能性。然而,在亚洲人群中这种关联是否存在仍是个谜。最近,Neuroscience Bulletin 2013年第1期的封面文章对此给出了答案。在该研究中,来自中国科学院自动化研究所和天津医科大学总医院的科学家们对233位健康的中国汉族受试者,运用功能磁共振成像(fMRI)和磁共振弥散张量成像(DTI)比较了5-HTTLPR长、短等位基因携带者大脑中脑区间的功能(functional connectivity)与结构连接(structural connectivity)的变化。研究意外的发现,5-HTTLPR长等位基因(L allele)携带者较短纯合子携带者(S-homozygotes)具有更高的焦虑分值,并且静息状态下前额叶皮层—杏仁核的功能和结构连接显著减弱。Pearson相关系数检验显示,这两个脑区间的功能连接与焦虑程度显著负相关,并且结构连接与抑郁程度也显著负相关。这些结果表明,与白种人不同,在中国汉族人群中,5-HTTLPR的长等位基因可能是焦虑或抑郁的易感基因。因此,在抑郁/焦虑的基因相关研究及其后续可能的临床运用中,应当考虑个体的种族背景。
研究成果对于认识神经网络处理情感信息的结构和功能基础有长远的贡献,同时也增加了人们对焦虑和抑郁病理机制的认识。重要的是,这些发现明确了基因对于神经信号处理的重要性以及研究精神紊乱时考虑种族背景的重要性。此外,对于识别易感个体以助于实现有效的早期干预,建立针对神经系统治疗方案并最终改善焦虑和抑郁等精神疾病的预后,本研究都具有推动作用。 (生物谷 Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐的英文摘要
Neurosci Bull doi: 10.1007/s12264-013-1302-6
The long rather than the short allele of 5-HTTLPR predisposes Han Chinese to anxiety and reduced connectivity between prefrontal cortex and amygdala
Long H, Liu B, Hou B, Wang C, Li J, Qin W, Wang D, Zhou Y, Kendrick KM, Yu C, Jiang T
The short allele of the serotonin-transporter gene is associated with higher risk for anxiety and depression in Caucasians, but this association is still unclear in Asians. Here, we addressed this issue using behavioral and multi-modal MRI approaches in a large group of healthy Han Chinese participants (n = 233). In contrast to findings in Caucasians, we found that long-allele (L) carriers had higher anxiety scores. In another group (n = 64) experiencing significant levels of depression or anxiety, the L-allele frequency was also significantly higher. In healthy participants, L-carriers had reduced functional and anatomical connectivity between the amygdala and prefrontal cortex (PFC), which was correlated with anxiety or depression scores. Our findings demonstrated that in Chinese Han participants, in contrast to Caucasians, the L-allele confers vulnerability to anxiety or depression and weakens top-down emotional control between the PFC and amygdala. Therefore, ethnic background should be taken into account in generelated studies and their potential clinical applications.