阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)是一种以记忆力损伤为表现的进行性神经退行性病变,Ab引起的神经退行性病变被认为是导致AD的关键因素。随着老龄化社会的到来,我国AD的发病率与日俱增,然而迄今为止,市场依然缺乏有效的治疗AD的药物。8月7日,Journal of Neuroscience(《神经科学杂志》)在线发表了中科院上海药物研究所沈旭、胡立宏和蒋华良三个研究小组共同合作完成的研究成果。该研究首次发现天然产物“牛蒡子苷元”能够有效改善AD小鼠的记忆损伤。(J. Neurosci.,2013,33,13138-49.)
针对目前基于Ab为靶点的抗AD药物研发的困境,研究人员首次采用不同于长期以来的“酶活调节”模式而以“蛋白表达通路调控”策略建立了基于“一石二鸟”的抗AD药物筛选平台——既能抑制Ab产生又能增加Ab清除,发现了天然活性分子“牛蒡子苷元(Arctigenin, ATG)”。研究表明,给予ATG的AD模型小鼠出现明显的脑内蛋白沉淀斑减少,并且小鼠记忆力损伤得到明显恢复。机制研究结果显示ATG调节AMPK及AKT/mTOR通路以增强自噬作用,从而增加Ab清除;另一方面,ATG还通过抑制PERK/eIF2a-P通路以减少BACE1的翻译进而抑制Ab生成。另外,AMPK和mTOR为抑制衰老和老年化的重要靶点,因此该研究还提示ATG具有通过抑制衰老和老年化而起到治疗AD的作用。
该项研究不仅为抗AD创新药物的研发提供了新的研究策略,而且为基于“牛蒡子苷元”的抗AD药物进一步的开发提供了重要依据。牛蒡子是牛蒡的果实,牛蒡为盛产于日本和我国多地区的一种蔬菜。2011年,沈旭和胡立宏研究小组曾合作研究发现“牛蒡子苷元”具有提高机体抗疲劳的功能 (Plos One, 2011)。
该项研究由博士后朱志远、博士生颜建明、姜维和黎陈静助理研究员等完成。相关成果已申请了专利。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4790-12.2013
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Arctigenin Effectively Ameliorates Memory Impairment in Alzheimer's Disease Model Mice Targeting Both β-Amyloid Production and Clearance
Zhiyuan Zhu, Jianming Yan, Wei Jiang, Xin-gang Yao, Jing Chen, Lili Chen, Chenjing Li, Lihong Hu, Hualiang Jiang, and Xu Shen
Alzheimer's disease (AD) chiefly characterizes a progressively neurodegenerative disorder of the brain, and eventually leads to irreversible loss of intellectual abilities. The β-amyloid (Aβ)-induced neurodegeneration is believed to be the main pathological mechanism of AD, and Aβ production inhibition or its clearance promotion is one of the promising therapeutic strategies for anti-AD research. Here, we report that the natural product arctigenin from Arctium lappa (L.) can both inhibit Aβ production by suppressing β-site amyloid precursor protein cleavage enzyme 1 expression and promote Aβ clearance by enhancing autophagy through AKT/mTOR signaling inhibition and AMPK/Raptor pathway activation as investigated in cells and APP/PS1 transgenic AD model mice. Moreover, the results showing that treatment of arctigenin in mice highly decreased Aβ formation and senile plaques and efficiently ameliorated AD mouse memory impairment strongly highlight the potential of arctigenin in anti-AD drug discovery.