据一项新的研究报道,身体在损伤后对自然的、阻断痛觉的阿片类物质的依赖可能促成了慢性疼痛的出现。阻断机体对阿片类的过度使用可能会阻止急性疼痛向慢性疼痛的转变。在损伤时,机体通过释放阿片物质来阻断痛觉,没有这一过程,在手术或其它创伤性损伤之后所经历的急性疼痛将会更为严重。没有人知道慢性疼痛到底是如何产生的,且没有可供阻止慢性的治疗存在。为了探索阿片类物质在慢性疼痛中的作用,Gregory Corder及其同事在小鼠的爪子中制造了炎症,让疼痛样行为在数天至数周中(在小鼠的天然阿片类物质的帮助下)自然消退,并接着给予小鼠阿片类受体阻滞剂。这些阿片类阻滞药物复现了与疼痛相关的行为以及在这些小鼠脊髓中的疼痛神经元的激活,即使注射是在受伤之后长达6个月时。进一步放大时,研究人员发现了一种叫做μ-阿片样受体(MOR)的可介导长时间疼痛抑制的特别的阿片样受体。在患有慢性疼痛的小鼠中,MOR似乎被卡在一个持续“打开”的状态。令人惊讶的是,当给予一种阿片类阻滞剂时,这些小鼠表现出了如发抖和震颤等阿片类戒断的经典体征(类似于当停服阿片类药物时在成瘾者中所见的情形)。没有接受阿片类阻滞剂以破坏自然镇痛的小鼠不会表现出这一行为。研究人员发现,阻断MOR不但快速启动了疼痛及疼痛的传输,而且还产生了一种在脊髓中发现的已知会促成成瘾及慢性疼痛的关键性的蛋白质——I型腺苷酸环化酶。总之,这些结果提示,尽管MOR可以在受伤后让急性疼痛得到控制,但它也能造成机体对其自身的阿片类物质变得依赖,而这会促成慢性疼痛的形成。(生物谷 Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐的英文摘要
Science DOI: 10.1126/science.1239403
Constitutive μ-Opioid Receptor Activity Leads to Long-Term Endogenous Analgesia and Dependence
G. Corder1, S. Doolen1, R. R. Donahue1, M. K. Winter2, B. L. Jutras3, Y. He4, X. Hu4, J. S. Wieskopf5, J. S. Mogil5, D. R. Storm6, Z. J. Wang4, K. E. McCarson2, B. K. Taylor1,*
Opioid receptor antagonists increase hyperalgesia in humans and animals, which indicates that endogenous activation of opioid receptors provides relief from acute pain; however, the mechanisms of long-term opioid inhibition of pathological pain have remained elusive. We found that tissue injury produced μ-opioid receptor (MOR) constitutive activity (MORCA) that repressed spinal nociceptive signaling for months. Pharmacological blockade during the posthyperalgesia state with MOR inverse agonists reinstated central pain sensitization and precipitated hallmarks of opioid withdrawal (including adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate overshoot and hyperalgesia) that required N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activation of adenylyl cyclase type 1. Thus, MORCA initiates both analgesic signaling and a compensatory opponent process that generates endogenous opioid dependence. Tonic MORCA suppression of withdrawal hyperalgesia may prevent the transition from acute to chronic pain.