生物谷报道:研究人员在2007年1月号的《自然—免疫学》上报告说,他们深入认识了多发性硬化症复发的病理学原理。研究显示,血清骨桥蛋白分子是一种炎症调节因子,能延长自动攻击免疫细胞的寿命,从而促进了疾病的进展。
在复发多发性硬化症的模式动物小鼠中,Larry Steinman和同事研究了一种缺失血清骨桥蛋白的小鼠,这种小鼠的多发性硬化症状不太严重。与同窝出生的正常小鼠相比,自动攻击免疫细胞在缺失血清骨桥蛋白分子的小鼠大脑中存活的机会更少。相反,获得血清骨桥蛋白分子的小鼠的疾病更为严重,最终导致死亡。
利用这些信息,作者发现,在实验室中血清蛋白分子增加了自动攻击免疫细胞的寿命,改变了调节细胞生存和分裂的几种基因的表达。他们由此推测,以血清骨桥蛋白为治疗靶标也许有助于多发性硬化症患者。
Figure1.Opn induces worsening autoimmune relapses and severe progression of autoimmune demyelinating disease.
(a) Clinical scores of EAE induced by immunization of Opn-wild-type mice (Opn-WT; n = 10) and Opn-knockout mice4 (Opn-KO; n = 14) with MOG peptide; half of the Opn-knockout mice (n = 7) were given rOPN daily for 32 d after the initial peak of the clinical disease, initiated during the first remission of each mouse. (b) Clinical scores of female SJL/J mice immunized with the peptide of proteolipid protein and then treated with PBS (n = 9 mice) or with rOPN (n = 9 mice) as described in a. Upward arrows (a,b), first day of rOpn treatment. (c) Clinical scores of MOG-specific TCR–transgenic mice23 given primary immunization with MOG peptide without pertussis toxin and then treated with PBS (n = 6 mice) or with rOPN (n = 6 mice) daily beginning on the day of primary immunization; mice were immunized with MOG peptide plus pertussis toxin 25 d after primary immunization. (d) Hematoxylin-and-eosin staining of optic nerve tissue sections isolated from MOG-specific TCR–transgenic mice with optic neuritis and EAE. Naive, no MOG immunization. Original magnification, 200. (e) TUNEL staining of brain and spinal cord tissue from Opn-knockout and Opn-wild-type mice immunized with MOG peptide to induce EAE, obtained on day 17 after immunization. Arrows indicate TUNEL-positive (brown) nuclei of infiltrating lymphocytes stained with 3,3'-diaminobenzidine. Scale bars, 25 m. Data represent mean clinical score (+ s.e.m.) of three experiments (a–c) and images are of representative tissues from three (d) or two (e) experiments.
原文出处:
Nature Immunology January 2007, Volume 8 No 1
Osteopontin-induced relapse and progression of autoimmune brain disease through enhanced survival of activated T cells pp74 - 83
Eun Mi Hur, Sawsan Youssef, M Edward Haws, Susan Y Zhang, Raymond A Sobel & Lawrence Steinman
Published online: 03 December 2006 | doi:10.1038/ni1415
Abstract | Full text | PDF (506K) | Supplementary Information
See also: News and Views by Stromnes & Goverman
相关基因:
SPP1
Official Symbol: SPP1 and Name: secreted phosphoprotein 1 (osteopontin, bone sialoprotein I, early T-lymphocyte activation 1) [Homo sapiens]
Other Aliases: BNSP, BSPI, ETA-1, MGC110940, OPN
Other Designations: SPP1/CALPHA1 fusion; osteopontin; osteopontin/immunoglobulin alpha 1 heavy chain constant region fusion protein; secreted phosphoprotein 1; secreted phosphoprotein-1 (osteopontin, bone sialoprotein)
Chromosome: 4; Location: 4q21-q25
MIM: 166490
GeneID: 6696
背景知识:
多发性硬化症是一种中枢神经系统的疾病,也就是说它的病变位于脑部或脊髓。我们的神经细胞有许多树枝状的神经纤维,这些纤维就像错纵复杂的电线一般,在我们的中枢神经系统中组织成绵密复杂的网络。大自然很巧妙的在我们神经纤维的外面包裹着一层叫“髓鞘”的物质,髓鞘不仅像电线的塑料皮一样让不同的电线不致短路,同时人体的髓鞘还可以加速我们神经讯号的传导。
当这些髓鞘被破坏后,我们神经讯号的传导就会变慢甚至停止。多发性硬化症就是因为在中枢神经系统中产生大小不一的块状髓鞘脱失而产生症状。所谓“硬化”指的是这些髓鞘脱失的区域因为组织修复的过程中产生的疤痕组织而变硬。这些硬块可能会有好几个,随着时间的进展,新的硬块也可能出现,所以称作“多发性”。
骨桥蛋白Opn是一个广泛表达的多效性细胞因子(pleiotropic cytokine),在炎症发生时会提高表达水平。它在细胞中可以有很多不同的同源异型蛋白(isoform),这是由不同的剪接方式,转录后磷酸化、糖基化修饰,以及凝血酶(Thrombin)的酶解造成的结果。Opn参与很多生物学过程,包括骨重建,炎症,癌症和对感染病的免疫等。这些多功能的生物学活性也反映出了该蛋白于细胞外可以结合多种不同的整联蛋白受体(integrin receptor)和CD44异变体的本领,于细胞内可以与信号转导分子相互作用的本领。