弓形虫依靠其独特肌动蛋白的滑行运动形式,几乎能够感染所有的有核细胞,滑动是跨越生物屏障与入侵宿主细胞以及从宿主细胞出来的主要运动方式。
Plattner等人的最新研究表明,弓形虫中的Profilin蛋白是肌动蛋白动力的调制器,它是调节寄生虫动力的关键蛋白,同时又是Toll样受体激动剂,刺激白介素-12产生和调节宿主先天免疫反应。封面图片显示了虫空泡在成纤维细胞含有复制弓形虫速殖子。这种寄生虫主要表面抗原SAG1已经被抗体染色,表现为红色。
顶配位寄生虫显示出肌动蛋白依赖型的滑行运动,这种滑行运动是跨越生物屏障与入侵宿主细胞的关键。其中肌动蛋白聚合的主要贡献者是Profilins蛋白,而弓形虫拥有可以被宿主先天免疫系统中Toll样受体11(TLR11)识别的Profilin蛋白。Plattner等人通过一系列巧妙的方法干扰弓形虫Profilin蛋白的相应基因,让Profilin蛋白无法在细胞内生长,而必须通过滑行运动入侵宿主细胞,然后从宿主细胞出来,对实验小鼠产生毒性。
研究发现,缺乏Profilin蛋白的寄生虫不能在胞外诱导依赖型TLR11的产生,也无法刺激胞内防御性的宿主细胞因子白细胞介素-12产生TLR11。因此,Profilin蛋白可以使宿主细胞从两方面感染弓形虫,也就是说,Profilin就像细菌的鞭毛一样,在为寄生虫的滑行运动提供动力的同时,还是宿主细胞先天免疫系统识别的微生物配体。
相关研究论文发表在2月14日的《细胞—宿主与微生物》(Cell Host & Microbe)上。(科学网 武彦文/编译)
生物谷推荐原始出处:
(Cell Host & Microbe),Vol 3, 77-87, 14 February 2008,Fabienne Plattner, Dominique Soldati-Favre
Toxoplasma Profilin Is Essential for Host Cell Invasion and TLR11-Dependent Induction of an Interleukin-12 Response
Fabienne Plattner, Felix Yarovinsky, Stephane Romero, Dominique Didry, Marie-France Carlier, Alan Sher, and Dominique Soldati-Favre,
Summary
Apicomplexan parasites exhibit actin-dependent gliding motility that is essential for migration across biological barriers and host cell invasion. Profilins are key contributors to actin polymerization, and the parasite Toxoplasma gondii possesses a profilin-like protein that is recognized by Toll-like receptor TLR11 in the host innate immune system. Here, we show by conditional disruption of the corresponding gene that T.gondii profilin, while not required for intracellular growth, is indispensable for gliding motility, host cell invasion, active egress from host cells, and virulence in mice. Furthermore, parasites lacking profilin are unable to induce TLR11-dependent production in vitro and in vivo of the defensive host cytokine interleukin-12. Thus, profilin is an essential element of two aspects of T. gondii infection. Like bacterial flagellin, profilin plays a role in motility while serving as a microbial ligand recognized by the host innate immune system.