研究人员在近日在线出版的《自然—生物技术》报告说,DNA疫苗设计中的一种聪明扭曲能提高模式动物对登革热和西尼罗河病毒的防御力。
传统疫苗含有少量的弱化病毒,因此在罕见的情况下会引发疾病,目前,还没有疫苗来对付由这些病毒导致的致命性疾病。新的DNA疫苗可消除这种担忧,但现在仍然不清楚这种疫苗是否能刺激免疫系统产生足够的免疫力来保护我们免遭病毒的感染。
Alexander Khromykh和同事的研究显示,他们可以大大提高DNA疫苗对付西尼罗河病毒的能力。他们的方法是允许感染颗粒出现,但在第一轮被感染后就阻止了病毒的复制。这是怎么做到的呢?首先,他们在单个DNA序列中编码了制造活西尼罗河病毒的指令,而且这个指令可以在两个不同方向上被解读。在其中一个方向上,细胞的酶将这些指令转录到外壳蛋白中,这种外壳蛋白用于包裹西尼罗河病毒的遗传材料;而在另一个方向上,细胞又能将这些序列译解成除外壳蛋白之外的其他病毒蛋白质。
含有这种背对背DNA疫苗的细胞首先会像传统DNA疫苗一样刺激免疫系统,但不会生产具有感染的活病毒。然而,因为只有产生于一个方向上的外壳蛋白能包裹西尼罗河病毒的基因组,而产生于相反方向序列的其他蛋白质只能生产其他新类型的病毒,并感染相邻细胞,这样就大大促进了免疫系统。然而,对下一个细胞而言,因为所含病毒缺乏包裹所需的外壳蛋白质,进一步的感染就被中止了,感染性病毒的集合也这样被中止了。
在对小鼠和马的试验中,这种疫苗已显示出对西尼罗河病毒的防御力,新方法还可有效地对付黄病毒导致的其他疾病,如登革热和出血性登革热。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐原始出处:
Nature Biotechnology 26, 571 - 577 (2008) Published online: 20 April 2008 | doi:10.1038/nbt1400
Single-round infectious particles enhance immunogenicity of a DNA vaccine against West Nile virus
David C Chang1, Wen J Liu1, Itaru Anraku2, David C Clark1, Christopher C Pollitt3, Andreas Suhrbier2, Roy A Hall1 & Alexander A Khromykh1
DNA vaccines encoding replication-defective viruses are safer than inactivated or live attenuated viruses but may fail to stimulate an immune response sufficient for effective vaccination. We augment the protective capacity of a capsid-deleted flavivirus DNA vaccine by co-expressing the capsid protein from a separate promoter. In transfected cells, the capsid-deleted RNA transcript is replicated and translated to produce secreted virus-like particles lacking the nucleocapsid. This RNA is also packaged with the help of co-expressed capsid protein to form secreted single-round infectious particles (SRIPs) that deliver the RNA into neighboring cells. In SRIP-infected cells, the RNA is replicated again and produces additional virus-like particles, but in the absence of capsid RNA no SRIPs are formed and no further spread occurs. Compared with an otherwise identical construct that does not encode capsid, our vaccine offers better protection to mice after lethal West Nile virus infection. It also elicits virus-neutralizing antibodies in horses. This approach may enable vaccination against pathogenic flaviviruses other than West Nile virus.