科学家开发了一种技术,它可能有能力预测注射一份H5N1禽流感疫苗之后是否可以保护人群不受这种迅速变化的病毒的感染。
如果出现禽流感大规模感染,需要迅速加以应对,这项研究可能导致一种更迅速的发现和生产正确的疫苗的方式。Rino Rappuoli及其同事测量了在连续注射3份疫苗之后的1年中免疫细胞对禽流感疫苗的应答特征。他们对两种疫苗进行了测试,一种仅仅是用该病毒抗原制成的,而另一种有同样数量的抗原和一种佐剂,这让它们更容易被免疫系统探测到。加入佐剂的疫苗产生了更强的免疫应答。这组作者发现专门记忆流感病毒的T细胞数量增加到原来的3倍可以最好地预测6个月后人们是否获得了适当的免疫。
这组作者说,由于目前的临床试验模式常常需要1年或者更长的时间才能测量一个人对疫苗的免疫记忆,监测这种免疫应答可以让疫苗开发者拥有更快更好的方法去评估未来的禽流感疫苗的活性和有效性。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐原始出处:
PNAS February 23, 2009, doi: 10.1073/pnas.0813390106
Adjuvanted H5N1 vaccine induces early CD4+ T cell response that predicts long-term persistence of protective antibody levels
Grazia Gallia,1, Duccio Medinia,1, Erica Borgognia, Luisanna Zeddaa, Monia Bardellia, Carmine Malzonea, Sandra Nutia, Simona Tavarinia, Chiara Sammichelia, Anne K. Hilbertb, Volker Brauerc, Angelika Banzhoffc, Rino Rappuolia,2, Giuseppe Del Giudicea and Flora Castellinoa,2
aResearch Center, Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Via Fiorentina 1, Siena 53100, Italy; and
bClinical Serology Department and
cDevelopment Department, Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Emil-von-Behring-Strasse 76, Marburg, 35041, Germany
1G.G. and D.M. contributed equally to this work.
Contributed by Rino Rappuoli, December 31, 2008 (sent for review December 9, 2008)
Abstract
Immune responses to vaccination are tested in clinical trials. This process usually requires years especially when immune memory and persistence are analyzed. Markers able to quickly predict the immune response would be very useful, particularly when dealing with emerging diseases that require a rapid response, such as avian influenza. To address this question we vaccinated healthy adults at days 1, 22, and 202 with plain or MF59-adjuvanted H5N1 subunit vaccines and tested both cell-mediated and antibody responses up to day 382. Only the MF59-H5N1 vaccine induced high titers of neutralizing antibodies, a large pool of memory H5N1-specific B lymphocytes, and H5-CD4+ T cells broadly reactive with drifted H5. The CD4+ response was dominated by IL-2+ IFN-γ− IL-13− T cells. Remarkably, a 3-fold increase in the frequency of virus-specific total CD4+ T cells, measurable after 1 dose, accurately predicted the rise of neutralizing antibodies after booster immunization and their maintenance 6 months later. We suggest that CD4+ T cell priming might be used as an early predictor of the immunogenicity of prepandemic vaccines.