英国科研人员最近确认,E4bp4基因是促使造血干细胞转变为自然杀伤细胞(NK细胞)的主宰基因。该发现有助于帮助科学家找到刺激NK细胞生成的方法,从而研究出更有效的癌症治疗新法。该研究成果刊登在最近出版的《自然·免疫学》杂志上。
此项研究由英国伦敦帝国学院、伦敦大学和英国医学研究理事会国家医学研究所的研究人员共同完成。科研小组在研究一种罕见、致命的儿童白血病时,发现了E4bp4基因对NK细胞的重要作用。为证实该发现,研究人员建立了世界上第一个完全缺乏NK细胞的动物模型。他们剔除了小鼠体内的E4bp4基因,而没有该基因,小鼠体内就无法生成NK细胞,其他所有的血液细胞和免疫细胞则完好无损。
NK细胞是人体免疫系统的一个主要组成部分,和其他类型的血液细胞一样,由人体骨髓间充质造血干细胞分化而来。这种细胞具有自然杀伤活性,能够分泌多种细胞因子,在机体抗病毒感染、免疫监视中起重要作用,可快速构筑防线对抗肿瘤、病毒和细菌感染。目前,从血液中分离NK细胞后注入患者体内是一种时常被应用的癌症疗法,但由于患者与献血者的细胞差异,该种治疗效果有限,有时会产生排异现象。研究人员希望该发现能够帮助科学家研究出新药,通过药物治疗,刺激E4bp4基因表达,增加患者血液干细胞分化成NK细胞的数量,以增强人体抗癌的能力。
自20世纪70年代NK细胞被发现以来,一些科学家就怀疑,该种细胞不仅与抗肿瘤、抗病毒感染和免疫调节有关,而且在某些情况下会参与超敏反应和诱发自身免疫性疾病,因此,NK细胞功能障碍与许多严重疾病有关。对此,该项研究的领导者、伦敦帝国学院生命科学系的休·布莱迪博士指出,他们创立的小鼠模型不仅证明了关于E4bp4基因功能的假设,还可用来观察NK细胞功能障碍与多种病症,如自身免疫失调、发炎、病毒感染、女性不孕及器官移植排斥等的关联。对于NK细胞是否总是“好孩子”,某些情况下它们对人体是否也会弊大于利的问题,将会有明确的答案。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐原始出处:
Nature Immunology 13 September 2009 | doi:10.1038/ni.1787
The basic leucine zipper transcription factor E4BP4 is essential for natural killer cell development
Duncan M Gascoyne1, Elaine Long1, Henrique Veiga-Fernandes2,6, Jasper de Boer1, Owen Williams1, Benedict Seddon3, Mark Coles4, Dimitris Kioussis2 & Hugh J M Brady1,5
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are a subset of lymphocytes crucial for innate immunity and modification of adaptive immune responses. In contrast to commitment to the T cell or B cell lineage, little is known about NK cell lineage commitment. Here we show that the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor E4BP4 (also called NFIL3) is essential for generation of the NK cell lineage. E4BP4-deficient mice (Nfil3-/–; called 'E4bp4-/–' here) had B cells, T cells and NKT cells but specifically lack NK cells and showed severely impaired NK cell–mediated cytotoxicity. Overexpression of E4bp4 was sufficient to increase NK cell production from hematopoietic progenitor cells. E4BP4 acted in a cell-intrinsic manner 'downstream' of the interleukin 15 receptor (IL-15R) and through the transcription factor Id2. E4bp4-/- mice may provide a model for definitive analysis of the contribution of NK cells to immune responses and pathologies.
1 Molecular Haematology and Cancer Biology Unit, University College London Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK.
2 Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Research Council National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London, UK.
3 Division of Immune Cell Biology, Medical Research Council National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London, UK.
4 Centre for Immunology and Infection, Department of Biology and Hull York Medical School, University of York, UK.
5 Immunology and Infection Section, Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College, London, UK.
6 Present address: Immunobiology Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.