法国国家科研中心和巴斯德研究所日前发现,当动物胎儿尚在母体腹中时,其免疫系统就已开始发挥作用,此举可帮助它们在出生后从容应对病原体的侵扰。
研究人员在新一期英国《自然—免疫学》杂志上报告说,由于母体的保护,胎儿在出生前通常不会受到感染因素的影响,因此不少科研人员认为,婴儿的免疫系统只有在出生的那刻起才开始发挥作用,从而帮助他们在与细菌、病毒等病原体共生的环境中顺利成长。
不过,上述法国研究机构的专家在观察某些哺乳动物的胎儿后发现,它们的免疫系统早在出生前就已开始发挥作用。该免疫系统能调集一种代号为ILC的特殊白细胞,后者是淋巴细胞的一种,但与寻常细胞不同的是它具有先天免疫力,并不专门针对某种特定的病原体。
在动物胎儿出生后,ILC白细胞的作用更加显著,它会在细菌侵入时释放两种信号分子——淋巴因子17和淋巴因子22,在它们的作用下,动物幼体内的上皮细胞生成抗菌蛋白质,从而杀死或抑制细菌。
研究人员还发现,动物胎儿离开母体后,一部分细菌会渐渐进入其消化道形成菌群,它们对于幼体的成长、健康和营养吸收能起到积极作用。面对这些有益的细菌,ILC白细胞不但“网开一面”,还会协调它们在消化道内活动。
研究人员表示,上述发现将帮助他们更加深入地了解哺乳动物幼体的免疫系统,从而有望找到预防人类疾病的一些新方法。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐原文出处:
Nature Immunology doi:10.1038/ni.2002
RORγt+ innate lymphoid cells regulate intestinal homeostasis by integrating negative signals from the symbiotic microbiota
Shinichiro Sawa,1, 2 Matthias Lochner,1, 2, 3 Naoko Satoh-Takayama,4, 5 Sophie Dulauroy,1, 2 Marion Bérard,6 Melanie Kleinschek,7 Daniel Cua,7 James P Di Santo4, 5 & Gérard Eberl1, 2
Lymphoid cells that express for the nuclear hormone receptor RORγt are involved in containment of the large intestinal microbiota and defense against pathogens through the production of interleukin 17 (IL-17) and IL-22. They include adaptive IL-17-producing helper T cells (TH17 cells), as well as innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) such as lymphoid tissue–inducer (LTi) cells and IL-22-producing NKp46+ cells. Here we show that in contrast to TH17 cells, both types of RORγt+ ILCs constitutively produced most of the intestinal IL-22 and that the symbiotic microbiota repressed this function through epithelial expression of IL-25. This function was greater in the absence of adaptive immunity and was fully restored and required after epithelial damage, which demonstrates a central role for RORγt+ ILCs in intestinal homeostasis. Our data identify a finely tuned equilibrium among intestinal symbionts, adaptive immunity and RORγt+ ILCs.