近日，国际杂志Nanotechnologies in Russia刊登了俄国研究人员的最新研究成果“Acute immune response to the intranasal application of nanoparticles of SiO2 (Tarkosil 25) in mice of two strains。”，文章中，研究者揭示了纳米微粒对机体影响因免疫特点而异。
随着纳米技术不断发展，人们摄入纳米微粒的机会逐渐增多。为研究这种微粒对机体的影响，俄研究人员对小鼠进行了实验，结果发现纳米微粒会导致小鼠的白细胞增多，其程度和影响会因小鼠的免疫特点不同而相异。
俄科学院细胞和遗传学研究所、动物分类和生理学研究所的专家，在新一期俄学术刊物《俄罗斯纳米技术》上报告说，他们将尺寸小于100纳米（1纳米等于一百万分之一毫米）的二氧化硅微粒选作研究对象，这种物质在生产橡胶制品、化妆品和制药过程中常被用作填充材料或催化剂成分。
俄研究者挑选了两种小鼠，A种小鼠的“细胞免疫”特点突出，即它们的免疫T细胞直接抵御病原体的能力较强。B种小鼠的“体液免疫”能力见长，即它们的B细胞产生抗体并引导的免疫反应较出众。
科研人员把A、B两种小鼠都分别分成3组，每组七八只。在甲组中，每只小鼠的鼻子里被滴入25微升悬浮液，其中的二氧化硅微粒尺寸均小于100纳米。乙组小鼠鼻腔摄入的二氧化硅微粒超过100纳米。丙组被滴入生理溶液。4小时后，研究者提取各组小鼠的血样及其肺部和支气管内表面的擦拭物。
分析结果显示，吸入二氧化硅微粒导致A种小鼠的多项血液检测值改变，其中白细胞总数显著升高。而B种小鼠不但白细胞增多，而且其肺部出现针对炎症的早期免疫反应。与吸入尺寸超过100纳米的二氧化硅微粒相比，小于100纳米的这种微粒对免疫系统的影响要显著得多。（生物谷Bioon.com）
doi:10.1134/S1995078011060103
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Acute immune response to the intranasal application of nanoparticles of SiO2 (Tarkosil 25) in mice of two strains
M. P. Moshkin, S. E. Peltek, L. A. Gerlinskaya, T. N. Goryachkovskaya, G. V. Kontsevaya, S. O. Maslennikova, V. M. Popik and N. A. Kolchanov
The effect of intranasal applications of suspensions containing Tarkosil 25 nano- and microparticles (nanoT and microT, respectively) on the mucosal immunity and content of leukocytes in blood and seminal fluid have been investigated in SPF mice. Early development of mucosal immune inflammatory reaction have been observed only after the administration of nanoT and only in BALB/c mice, which are characterized by a predominance of humoral immune response (Th2). In turn, the leukocytic reaction of the blood to Tarkosil 25 took place only in C57Bl/6 mice, in which the cellular immune response (Th1) predominates. The application of nanoT also caused an increase in the number of leukocytes in the seminal fluid of mice of both strains. Thus, upon first contact with nanoaerosol, the individual characteristics of the immune response were formed; the study of these characteristics can be used as the basis for methodological approaches to predicting the individual risk of pathologies in persons engaged in the manufacture of Tarkosil 25.
