人体的60%至70%的组成成分是水,因此水分子进出细胞之于生命,无疑是非常重要。但这种天然机制尚存在很多谜团,美国科学家彼得•阿格雷,曾因发现这种蛋白而获得2003年诺贝尔化学奖。
最近又有一篇关于这种蛋白影响人体健康的论文,发表在美国国际学术杂志BBRC上,引起外界关注。研究发现,矿泉水能提高水通道蛋白的通透性,同时提高人体内一种NK细胞(自然杀伤细胞)的活性,以达到增强人体免疫力的作用。论文作者之一,日本秋田县立大学名誉教授北川良亲博士介绍论文的研究成果时称,水的物理化性质不同,影响到对水通道蛋白的通透性。
成年人一般每天身体要流失2.3升水分,其中1.5升流失的水分靠喝水来补充,剩下的通过饮食来补充。一种特殊的蛋白Aqua-porin,学名“水通道蛋白”,又名“水孔蛋白”或“膜蛋白”,则存在于一切生物包括细菌在内的细胞膜内,允许水分子经由它进出细胞,起“通道”作用。
北川博士说:“我们的研究内容之一,就是分析不同种类水对水通道蛋白的通透性,即水分子进入细胞的难易度是否存在差异。细胞会从外部吸收多种物质并发生化学反应,产生能量,合成物质,然后排出废物。细胞能起到这一物质代谢过程,就证明自身还活着。水是细胞的根本成分,水分子能够轻松进出细胞,对于细胞代谢的活化和功能良好有重要关系。”
北川博士等研究者以自来水和市场上普遍销售的3种矿泉水为测试对象,在发现水通道蛋白的青蛙卵母细胞上测试了这4种水的通透性。结果显示,矿泉水比普通自来水的通透性更强,尤其日田天领水(这是在日本被报刊、杂志等媒体一致推荐的一种矿泉水,据称是从日本九州岛日田市的几千米地下抽取而来,水质中含有丰富的重要元素———“活性水素”ACTIVE HYDROGEN)的通透性更强于其余3种水,这说明特定的水对水通道蛋白的通透性绝对是有影响的。
论文里提到,研究同时也调查了矿泉水对NK细胞活性的影响。NK细胞是一种淋巴球,在人体内“巡逻”,攻击癌细胞和感染了病毒的细胞。医学界普遍认为,在免疫系统中NK细胞发现异物后的反应快,攻击力也强。北川博士表示:“我们做的实验,是让10名志愿者每天喝2升自来水和日田天领水,连喝4周。事前事后采集每个人的血样,从中提取出白血球,拿来和癌细胞发生反应,然后测定对比志愿者喝水前和喝水后身上NK细胞的活性。结果显示,喝矿泉水后,NK细胞的活性显然增强了。这说明,喝矿泉水可能会改善我们的免疫系统。”(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.04.102
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The influence of natural mineralwater on aquaporin water permeability and human natural killer cell activity
Yoshichika Kitagawa, Chengwei Liu, Xiaodong Ding
Aquaporins are the intrinsic membrane proteins functioning as water channel to transport water and/or mineral nutrients across the biological membrane systems. In this research, we aimed to clarify if the selected mineralwater can affect aquaporin functions in vitro and the assumption of the mineralwater can modify aquaporin expression and activate natural killer cell activity in human body. First, we expressed six human and eight plant aquaporin genes in oocytes and compared the effect of different kinds of natural mineralwater on aquaporin activity. The oocyte assay data show that Hita tenryosui water could promote water permeability of almost all human and plant aquaporins in varying degrees, and freeze-dry and organic solvent extraction could reduce AQP2 activity but pH change and boiling could not. Second, each volunteer in two groups (10 in one group) received an oral Hita tenryosui or tap water load of 1000 ml/day for total four weeks. We found that these two kinds of water did not directly affect the relative expression levels of AQP1 and AQP9 in the blood cells, but intriguingly, the natural killer cell activities of the volunteers drinking Hita tenryosui water were significantly improved, suggesting that Hita tenryosui water has obvious health function, which opens a new and interesting field of investigation related to the link between mineralwater consumption and human health and the therapies for some chronic diseases.