近期《自然—方法学》报道了如何利用特定核酸酶对导致疟疾发病的恶性疟原虫的基因组进行修改。这项发现将有助于从遗传层面包括抗药性机制上更深入地研究这种重要的人体寄生虫。
全球有数以百万计的人饱受疟疾侵害,而抗药性是疟疾治疗过程中普遍存在的问题。针对引发疟疾的原生动物寄生虫的研究受到阻碍,原因在于缺乏耐用的研究工具,特别是那些能操控这些寄生虫基因组的工具。
锌指核酸酶(ZFN)可被设计用来切入各种基因组的目标位置并使其发生改变。已有科学家将其用于修改蝇类、鱼类、蠕虫、人体细胞等各种生物类型的基因组。
David Fidock等人在文章中报告了如何利用这类工具修改恶性疟原虫这种最致命疟疾寄生虫的基因组。该寄生虫基因组中核苷酸的平衡量及其内生DNA修复的机械性因素中的某些方面与其他有机体有所差别,其中,DNA修复的机械性因素本可能削弱ZFN的作用效果。但研究人员展示了他们利用该工具对恶性疟原虫基因组有效的操控,他们使用ZFN删除一些基因、替换掉一个基因,以快速而有效的方式改变了其基因序列。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1038/nmeth.2143
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Site-specific genome editing in Plasmodium falciparum using engineered zinc-finger nucleases
Judith Straimer,Marcus C S Lee,Andrew H Lee,Bryan Zeitler,April E Williams,Jocelynn R Pearl,Lei Zhang,Edward J Rebar,Philip D Gregory,Manuel Llinás,Fyodor D Urnov & David A Fidock
Malaria afflicts over 200 million people worldwide, and its most lethal etiologic agent, Plasmodium falciparum, is evolving to resist even the latest-generation therapeutics. Efficient tools for genome-directed investigations of P. falciparum-induced pathogenesis, including drug-resistance mechanisms, are clearly required. Here we report rapid and targeted genetic engineering of this parasite using zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) that produce a double-strand break in a user-defined locus and trigger homology-directed repair. Targeting an integrated egfp locus, we obtained gene-deletion parasites with unprecedented speed (2 weeks), both with and without direct selection. ZFNs engineered against the parasite gene pfcrt, responsible for escape under chloroquine treatment, rapidly produced parasites that carried either an allelic replacement or a panel of specified point mutations. This method will enable a diverse array of genome-editing approaches to interrogate this human pathogen.