安徽医大和华大基因等单位联合发现,甲羟戊酸激酶MVK基因突变可导致播散型浅表性光敏性汗孔角化症,从而为DSAP发病机制的研究及其分子诊断与治疗奠定了重要的遗传学基础。9月17日,研究成果在《自然·遗传学》上在线发表。
汗孔角化症是一种罕见的遗传性角化皮肤病,该病包括5种亚型,其中DSAP是最常见的一种。患者暴露于阳光的皮肤上会出现多个小环形无汗角化病灶。该病呈常染色体显性遗传,其外显率与年龄相关,通常情况下,青少年时期即开始出现损伤,到30—50岁时完全外显。目前虽已确定出与之相关的一些染色体区域,但该病的遗传基础和发病机理尚不明确。
科研人员首先对同一DSAP家系中的两个患者与一个正常个体进行了外显子测序、变异检测及分析。他们在之前已确定的与该病连锁的染色体区域内,鉴定出唯一一个新的有害杂合突变,该突变发生在MVK基因上。同时,在其他几种亚型的汗孔角化病人群中,他们并未发现MVK基因突变,这表明MVK基因突变是DSAP亚型所特有的突变类型。研究人员还发现MVK基因在疾病发生中具有基因多效性,其突变可造成不同的疾病类型和表型。比如MVK基因突变在甲羟戊酸激酶缺乏症等全身性疾病中也有发现,但在临床表现上该病患者与DSAP患者并无交叉症状出现。在相同突变造成的DSAP患者中,其临床表现也具有很强的多样性,这可能是遗传因素与紫外线照射等环境因素共同作用的结果。
华大基因项目负责人蒋涛表示,该研究为深入研究DSAP的具体发病机制奠定了重要基础。MVK基因的发现也将为该疾病的基因诊断和临床治疗提供一个很好的候选基因靶点。安徽医大张学军教授指出,此次我国科学家利用全基因组外显子测序技术发现DSAP的致病基因,标志我国在单基因遗传病致病基因研究上步入了世界先进行列。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1038/ng.2409
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Exome sequencing identifies MVK mutations in disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis
Zhang SQ, Jiang T, Li M, Zhang X, Ren YQ, Wei SC, Sun LD, Cheng H, Li Y, Yin XY, Hu ZM, Wang ZY, Liu Y, Guo BR, Tang HY, Tang XF, Ding YT, Wang JB, Li P, Wu BY, Wang W, Yuan XF, Hou JS, Ha WW, Wang WJ, Zhai YJ, Wang J, Qian FF, Zhou FS, Chen G, Zuo XB, Zheng XD, Sheng YJ, Gao JP, Liang B, Li P, Zhu J, Xiao FL, Wang PG, Cui Y, Li H, Liu SX, Gao M, Fan X, Shen SK, Zeng M, Sun GQ, Xu Y, Hu JC, He TT, Li YR, Yang HM, Wang J, Yu ZY, Zhang HF, Hu X, Yang K, Wang J, Zhao SX, Zhou YW, Liu JJ, Du WD, Zhang L, Xia K, Yang S, Wang J, Zhang XJ.
Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP) is an autosomal dominantly inherited epidermal keratinization disorder whose etiology remains unclear. We performed exome sequencing in one unaffected and two affected individuals from a DSAP family. The mevalonate kinase gene (MVK) emerged as the only candidate gene located in previously defined linkage regions after filtering against existing SNP databases, eight HapMap exomes and 1000 Genomes Project data and taking into consideration the functional implications of the mutations. Sanger sequencing in 57 individuals with familial DSAP and 25 individuals with sporadic DSAP identified MVK mutations in 33% and 16% of these individuals (cases), respectively. All 14 MVK mutations identified in our study were absent in 676 individuals without DSAP. Our functional studies in cultured primary keratinocytes suggest that MVK has a role in regulating calcium-induced keratinocyte differentiation and could protect keratinocytes from apoptosis induced by type A ultraviolet radiation. Our results should help advance the understanding of DSAP pathogenesis