2012年11月26日 讯 /生物谷BIOON/ --一项发表在Nature Biotechnology杂志上最新研究成果中,研究人员创建了一个新类型的流感疫苗。该疫苗是基于信使核糖核酸(mRNA)设计开发出来的,并且新疫苗能在数周内制造出来,而不需数个月时间。
RNA是遗传信息的载体。mRNA是RNA分子的一种类型,在蛋白质合成时充当模板的RNA。 其功能是携带遗传信息,从脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)转录合成的带有遗传信息的一类单链核糖核酸(RNA)。它在核糖体上作为蛋白质合成的模板,决定肽链的氨基酸排列顺序。
动物或人引入已预编程成特定蛋白质的mRNA,可能会导致一个可预见的免疫反应。研究人员报告说,他所设计的疫苗能给小鼠,雪貂和猪起免疫保护作用。
目前,常规疫苗制造占用到数个月时间。而新疫苗只需六个星期的生产周期。研究人员报告说,迄今为止,它已证明新疫苗对预防流感症状与传统疫苗一样有效。研究人员还报告,该疫苗可很容易大批量制造,此外与其他流感疫苗不同的是,新类型疫苗不需要冷藏。
他们还指出,除了给实验中平均年龄动物提高免疫力外,新疫苗对很年轻,很老的小鼠也同样有效。到目前为止,该团队已经测试了疫苗对几类流感病毒其中包括H1N1pdm09,猪流感和H5N1禽流感病毒,并发现它对上述所有病毒都有效。但是否对人体有效现在还不知道,有待于进一步研究观察。(生物谷:Bioon.com)
doi:10.1038/nbt.2436
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Protective efficacy of in vitro synthesized, specific mRNA vaccines against influenza A virus infection
Benjamin Petsch,Margit Schnee,Annette B Vogel,Elke Lange, et al.
Despite substantial improvements, influenza vaccine production—and availability—remain suboptimal. Influenza vaccines based on mRNA may offer a solution as sequence-matched, clinical-grade material could be produced reliably and rapidly in a scalable process, allowing quick response to the emergence of pandemic strains. Here we show that mRNA vaccines induce balanced, long-lived and protective immunity to influenza A virus infections in even very young and very old mice and that the vaccine remains protective upon thermal stress. This vaccine format elicits B and T cell–dependent protection and targets multiple antigens, including the highly conserved viral nucleoprotein, indicating its usefulness as a cross-protective vaccine. In ferrets and pigs, mRNA vaccines induce immunological correlates of protection and protective effects similar to those of a licensed influenza vaccine in pigs. Thus, mRNA vaccines could address substantial medical need in the area of influenza prophylaxis and the broader realm of anti-infective vaccinology.