一个西班牙研究小组的研究人员称,他们开发出了一种治疗性疫苗,能够暂时地抑制感染患者体内的HIV生长。
这种疫苗是利用接触热灭活HIV的免疫细胞研制而成,研究人员针对36名HIV携带者进行了测试,获得了这类治疗最好的记录结果。
研究小组成员、巴塞罗那大学医院Felipe Garcia说:“我们所做的就是给予免疫系统指令,使其学会自然情况下无法做到的事情——破坏HIV病毒。”
研究人员说,这一治疗性疫苗并非用来预防疾病,而是用于治疗已存在的艾滋病。其非常安全,可使一些患者体内检测到的HIV病毒数量显着降低。相关研究发布在《科学—转化医学》(Science Translational Medicine)杂志上。
经过12周的临床试验,在22名接种疫苗的患者中,有12人HIV病毒载量降低了90%以上。11名接受对照注射的患者中,只有1人获得了相似的结果。
24周后,疫苗的效力开始下降,在剩余的20名疫苗接种患者中,有7人病毒载量下降了90%。对照组10名患者无一人病毒量下降。
疫苗在一年后丧失效力,此时患者必须恢复他们常规的抗逆转录病毒药物组合治疗。
研究人员说这些结果与采用单一抗逆转录病毒药物阻断HIV生长所获得的结果相似。
“这是在科学文献中提供的最坚实的证明,表明治疗性疫苗是有可能的,”研究人员在一份声明中说。
这种疫苗使得患者可以暂时摆脱每日服用多种药物,坚持每日服药对于患者存在困难,且长期而言会造成毒副作用,并需付出昂贵的经济代价。
“这一调查研究为开展其他的研究,最终达到功能性治愈的目的,无需抗逆转录病毒治疗长期或终身控制HIV复制,开辟了新途径,”研究人员说。
“虽然我们还没有获得功能性治愈,今天发布的研究结果为获得一种最佳的治疗疫苗,或是涵盖治疗疫苗的一种组合策略提供了可能性,并且可能有助于实现这一目标,”他们说。
研究小组表示他们投入了7年的时间才走到这一步,现在他们正在致力于改良这一疫苗,争取在未来的三四年间使之与其他的治疗性疫苗相结合。
根据联合国最新的统计,全世界HIV感染者的数量从2010年的3350万人上升到了2011年的3400万人。(生物谷Bioon.com)
DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3004682
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PMID:
A Dendritic Cell–Based Vaccine Elicits T Cell Responses Associated with Control of HIV-1 Replication
Felipe García1,*,†, Nuria Climent1,*, Alberto C. Guardo1, Cristina Gil1, Agathe León1, Brigitte Autran2,Jeffrey D. Lifson3, Javier Martínez-Picado4,5, Judit Dalmau4, Bonaventura Clotet4, Josep M. Gatell1,Montserrat Plana1,*, Teresa Gallart1,*, For the DCV2/MANON07-ORVACS Study Group
Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) greatly improves survival and quality of life of HIV-1–infected patients; however, cART must be continued indefinitely to prevent viral rebound and associated disease progression. Inducing HIV-1–specific immune responses with a therapeutic immunization has been proposed to control viral replication after discontinuation of cART as an alternative to “cART for life.” We report safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity results associated with a control of viral replication for a therapeutic vaccine using autologous monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MD-DCs) pulsed with autologous heat-inactivated whole HIV. Patients on cART with CD4+ >450 cells/mm3 were randomized to receive three immunizations with MD-DCs or with nonpulsed MD-DCs. Vaccination was feasible, safe, and well tolerated and shifted the virus/host balance. At weeks 12 and 24 after cART interruption, a decrease of plasma viral load setpoint ≥1 log was observed in 12 of 22 (55%) versus 1 of 11 (9%) and in 7 of 20 (35%) versus 0 of 10 (0%) patients in the DC–HIV-1 and DC-control groups, respectively. This significant decrease in plasma viral load observed in immunized recipients was associated with a consistent increase in HIV-1–specific T cell responses. These data suggest that HIV-1–specific immune responses elicited by therapeutic DC vaccines could significantly change plasma viral load setpoint after cART interruption in chronic HIV-1–infected patients treated in early stages. This proof of concept supports further investigation of new candidates and/or new optimized strategies of vaccination with the final objective of obtaining a functional cure as an alternative to cART for life.