病毒使肝癌的生存期翻两番,这一惊人的研究结果发表在近期出版的Nature Medicine杂志上。
这是一个公司(Jennerex Inc)主导的II期临床随机对照试验,第一作者来自于韩国釜山国立大学,通讯作者来自于该公司。研究的主角是一种溶瘤免疫治疗,叫做JX-594(商品名:Pexa-Vec)。JX-794是一个牛痘病毒但不表达腺苷激酶(TK)从而确保了对肿瘤细胞的选择性(减少对正常分裂细胞的感染),并插入了人源粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)和β-牛乳糖基因,分别用于促进机体免疫和用于测量病毒的复制情况。这个溶瘤免疫治疗不同于传统的免疫治疗,因为它不仅激活免疫还有直接的溶解肿瘤的作用。
研究设立了两个分组,比较高低两个剂量JX-594瘤内注射的临床疗效和安全性,并评估两者所激发的免疫反应。因为在早期分析中发现高剂量具有明显的生存优势,故而提前结束的了病人的入组。一共有30名晚期肝癌患者参加该研究,患者随机接受高剂量(16例)或低剂量(14例)JX-594瘤内注射治疗,每名患者接受3次治疗,分别在第1、15和29天。
尽管入组的病例量很小,但高剂量和低剂量组已经可以形成显著的生存率差异。高低剂量组患者的中位生存期分别为14.1月和6.7月(相对危险度[HR]=0.39,P=0.02)。这东西的神奇之处还在于,不仅仅可以使被注射的肿瘤溶解缩小,远隔部位的未接受注射的肿瘤也大多被破坏。对于肿瘤多发的19名患者,不同剂量的疗效差异则更明显(HR=0.19,P=0.018)。高剂量组6名曾接受过全身治疗失败的患者(其中4人为索拉非尼治疗),但6名患者的中位生存期也可以达到13.6月。
值得注意的是,高剂量组的疗效可以把低剂量组甩得这么远,但低剂量组也不是吃素的,低剂量组在影像学上的疾病控制率也达到了46%(mRECIST标准)。换句话说,如果以最佳支持治疗作为对照的话,高剂量和对照组的生存率差异将会进一步扩大,这样的III期临床试验也正在进行(NCT01387555)。如果III期临床试验的结果符合预期的话,JX-594有望5年内可以上市。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1038/nm.3089
PMC:
PMID:
Randomized dose-finding clinical trial of oncolytic immunotherapeutic vaccinia JX-594 in liver cancer
Heo J Reid T Ruo L Breitbach CJ Rose S Bloomston M Cho M Lim HY Chung HC Kim CW Burke J Lencioni R Hickman T Moon A Lee YS Kim MK Daneshmand M Dubois K Longpre L Ngo M Rooney C Bell JC Rhee BG Patt R Hwang TH Kirn DH
Oncolytic viruses and active immunotherapeutics have complementary mechanisms of action (MOA) that are both self amplifying in tumors, yet the impact of dose on subject outcome is unclear. JX-594 (Pexa-Vec) is an oncolytic and immunotherapeutic vaccinia virus. To determine the optimal JX-594 dose in subjects with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we conducted a randomized phase 2 dose-finding trial (n = 30). Radiologists infused low- or high-dose JX-594 into liver tumors (days 1, 15 and 29); infusions resulted in acute detectable intravascular JX-594 genomes. Objective intrahepatic Modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST) (15%) and Choi (62%) response rates and intrahepatic disease control (50%) were equivalent in injected and distant noninjected tumors at both doses. JX-594 replication and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) expression preceded the induction of anticancer immunity. In contrast to tumor response rate and immune endpoints, subject survival duration was significantly related to dose (median survival of 14.1 months compared to 6.7 months on the high and low dose, respectively; hazard ratio 0.39; P = 0.020). JX-594 demonstrated oncolytic and immunotherapy MOA, tumor responses and dose-related survival in individuals with HCC.