尘螨是导致人类室内过敏的最主要过敏原来源。目前过敏治疗的标准方法是脱敏治疗（多次微量注射过敏原于过敏病人），因此，高纯度过敏原的获得及其基本生化特征的认知是决定脱敏治疗效果和副作用强弱的关键。目前在尘螨过敏脱敏治疗过程中使用的过敏原还有相当大的比例是尘螨提取物。这些提取物是含有多种过敏原和其他杂质的混合物，其治疗效果欠佳，且可能产生副作用。因此，单一成分过敏原是新一代脱敏治疗候选药物的基本要求。粉尘螨（Dermatophagoides farinae）中估计含有至少30种以上的过敏原，而实际报道的过敏原只有14种。
中国科学院昆明动物研究所赖仞研究员领导的课题组与深圳大学、昆明医科大学第一附属医院等单位合作，采用蛋白质组学结合药理学等手段从粉尘螨中识别了8种新过敏原。这些过敏原的识别进一步认识了粉尘螨过敏的物质基础和作用机制，并为诊断和治疗这类过敏提供了重要依据，也为开发脱敏治疗药物打下了重要基础。
该研究工作发表在Mol. Cell. Proteomics上。（Dermatophagoides farinae allergens diversity identification by proteomics. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2013 Mar 12. [Epub ahead of print]）。
该项目得到了国家自然科学基金委和科技部973项目的支持。（生物谷Bioon.com）
doi:10.1074/mcp.M112.027136
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Dermatophagoides farinae allergens diversity identification by proteomics
Su An1, Lingling Chen2, Chengbo Long1, Xiaoyu Liu3, Xuemei Xu4, Xingre Lu5, Mingqiang Rong1, Zhigang Liu3 and Ren Lai1,*
The most important indoor allergens for humans are house dust mites (HDM). Fourteen Dermatophagoides farinae allergens (Der f 1-3, 6, 7, 10, 11, 13-18, and 22) are reported although more than 30 allergens have been estimated in D. farinae. Seventeen allergens belonging to 12 different groups were identified by a procedure of proteomics combined with two-dimensional immunoblotting from D. farina extracts. Their sequences were determined by Edman degradation, mass spectrometry analysis and cDNA cloning. Their allergenicities were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay inhibition tests, immunoblots, basophil activation test and skin prick tests. Eight of them are the first report as D. farinae allergens. The procedure of proteomic approach combined with purely discovery approach using sera of patients with broad IgE reactivity profiles to mite allergens was an effective method to investigate more complete repertoire of D. farinae allergens. The identification of eight new D. farinae allergens will be helpful for HDM allergy diagnosis and therapy, especially for patients without response for HDM major allergens. In addition, the current work significantly extended repertoire of D. farinae allergens.
