英国科学家近日发现了人类口腔中一种新的细菌种类。这一发现有助于医生更好地理解蛀牙和牙龈疾病,并有可能导致更好的治疗手段。相关论文发表在8月份的《国际系统与进化微生物学杂志》(International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology)上。
研究负责人、英国伦敦国王学院牙科研究所(King's College London Dental Institute)的William Wade说:“健康的人类口腔包含着巨量的多种微生物,包括病毒、真菌、原生动物以及细菌。其中细菌量是最大的,每毫升唾液中含有1亿个细菌,整个口腔中细菌的种类超过600种,然而,大约有一半尚未命名。我们努力做的就是描述和命名新种。”
研究人员同时研究了健康口腔组织和口腔肿瘤组织,发现了三个不能确定的名为Prevotella的细菌菌株。Prevotella属于人类正常微生物菌丛的一部分,它同时与多种口腔疾病及身体其它部位的感染有关。研究人员将这一新种命名为Prevotella histicola(histicola意为组织上的居住者)。
Wade说:“有趣的是,这一新种是从口腔组织中分离出来的,口腔癌组织和健康组织中均有。这证实了其它一些工作的发现,即口腔细菌能同时侵入组织和单个细胞。”
蛀牙和牙龈疾病是人类最常见的细菌疾病,它们由口腔中的微生物发生变化所引起。为了更好地理解这些疾病,科学家首先需要弄清人类口腔中存在哪些细菌。理解口腔微生物的组成将有助于科学家设计新的预防措施和治疗手段来对付口腔疾病。
Wade表示,“详细地描述命名每个细菌种类是必要的,这样不同的实验室就可以识别口腔中所有的细菌种类。”(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐原始出处:
IJSEM,58 (2008), 1788-1791,Julia Downes,William G. Wade
Prevotella histicola sp. nov., isolated from the human oral cavity
Julia Downes1, Samuel J. Hooper2, Melanie J. Wilson2 and William G. Wade1
1 King's College London Dental Institute at Guy's, King's College and St Thomas' Hospitals, Infection Research Group, London SE1 9RT, UK
2 Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK
Correspondence
William G. Wade
william.wade@kcl.ac.uk
Three strains of anaerobic, variably pigmenting, Gram-negative bacilli isolated from human oral mucosal tissue were subjected to a comprehensive range of phenotypic and genotypic tests and were found to comprise a homogeneous group. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and DNA–DNA hybridization revealed that the strains constituted a novel group within the genus Prevotella, being most closely related to Prevotella melaninogenica and Prevotella veroralis. A novel species, Prevotella histicola sp. nov., is proposed to accommodate these strains. Prevotella histicola is saccharolytic and produces acetic acid and succinic acid as major end products of fermentation and trace to minor amounts of isovaleric acid and lactic acid. The G+C content of the DNA of the type strain is 43 mol%. The type strain of Prevotella histicola is T05-04T (=DSM 19854T=CCUG 55407T).