一项研究表明，已被证明能够影响消化和免疫健康的个人独特的细菌组成可能受到出生时刻的影响。
Maria Dominguez-Bello及其同事对来自9位母亲和10位出生后不足一天的新生儿进行了细菌取样。这组科学家发现，阴道分娩的婴儿获得的细菌群落类似于他们的母亲的阴道细菌组成，而通过剖宫产出生的婴儿携带了常见的皮肤细菌，这些细菌并不比来自其他剖宫产婴儿的细菌更加类似于他们的母亲的细菌组成。
通常与乳汁消化、细菌病或阴道感染有关的细菌占了来自阴道分娩的儿童的皮肤和嘴的样本的大部分。剖宫产婴儿的细菌群落大部分是由与食物中毒、白喉和痤疮有关的细菌组成的。此前的研究表明，通过剖宫产出生的婴儿可能比阴道分娩的婴儿对某些病原体、过敏和哮喘更加敏感。这组作者说，在分娩过程中母亲阴道的细菌直接传给她的婴儿可能通过限制更有害的病原体的定植从而有助于让婴儿抵御有害疾病。(生物谷Bioon.net)
生物谷推荐原文出处：
PNAS doi: 10.1073/pnas.1002601107
Delivery mode shapes the acquisition and structure of the initial microbiota across multiple body habitats in newborns
Maria G. Dominguez-Belloa,1,2, Elizabeth K. Costellob,1,3, Monica Contrerasc, Magda Magrisd, Glida Hidalgod, Noah Fierere,f, and Rob Knightb,g
aDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931;
bDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
eDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, and
fCooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80305;
cCenter of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela;
d Amazonic Center for Research and Control of Tropical Diseases, Puerto Ayacucho 7101, Amazonas, Venezuela; and
gThe Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80305
Upon delivery, the neonate is exposed for the first time to a wide array of microbes from a variety of sources, including maternal bacteria. Although prior studies have suggested that delivery mode shapes the microbiota's establishment and, subsequently, its role in child health, most researchers have focused on specific bacterial taxa or on a single body habitat, the gut. Thus, the initiation stage of human microbiome development remains obscure. The goal of the present study was to obtain a community-wide perspective on the influence of delivery mode and body habitat on the neonate's first microbiota. We used multiplexed 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing to characterize bacterial communities from mothers and their newborn babies, four born vaginally and six born via Cesarean section. Mothers’ skin, oral mucosa, and vagina were sampled 1 h before delivery, and neonates’ skin, oral mucosa, and nasopharyngeal aspirate were sampled <5 min, and meconium <24 h, after delivery. We found that in direct contrast to the highly differentiated communities of their mothers, neonates harbored bacterial communities that were undifferentiated across multiple body habitats, regardless of delivery mode. Our results also show that vaginally delivered infants acquired bacterial communities resembling their own mother's vaginal microbiota, dominated by Lactobacillus, Prevotella, or Sneathia spp., and C-section infants harbored bacterial communities similar to those found on the skin surface, dominated by Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, and Propionibacterium spp. These findings establish an important baseline for studies tracking the human microbiome's successional development in different body habitats following different delivery modes, and their associated effects on infant health.
