来自美国国家医学研究所的研究人员对维生素D缺乏与结核病的发病率进行了研究，发现无论是否有HIV感染，维生素D缺乏均与结核分枝杆菌感染有关，且结核病的发病率与血清25-羟维生素D水平的季节性变化成反比关系。
为了研究维生素D缺乏与未感染HIV的人群对结核分枝杆菌（TB）的敏感性之间的关系，研究人员对南非开普敦的未感染HIV者（n=196）与HIV感染者(n=174)进行横断面研究，并对维生素D水平的季节性变化与对结核病报告率进行了长达8年的调查。
在370名被调查者中，232名（62.7%）有维生素D缺乏（血清25-羟维生素D[25(OH)D] <50 nmol/L），并且在未感染HIV者和HIV感染者中都与TB的活动有关。调查发现血清维生素D水平呈季节性变化，1月~3月血清25(OH)D 水平最高，7月~9月最低。而开普敦2003至2010年间，结核病的季度报告率在4月~6月最低，10月~12月最高。在开普敦的黑人中，维生素D与TB的活动高度相关，无论其是否有HIV感染，血清25(OH)D浓度的季节性变化与TB感染成反比关系。（生物谷bioon.com）
doi:10.1073/pnas.1111825108
PMC:
PMID:
Reciprocal seasonal variation in vitamin D status and tuberculosis notifications in Cape Town, South Africa
Adrian R. Martineau, Shepherd Nhamoyebonde, Tolu Oni, Molebogeng X. Rangaka, Suzaan Marais, Nonzwakazi Bangani, Relebohile Tsekela, Lizl Bashe, Virginia de Azevedo, Judy Caldwell, Timothy R. Venton, Peter M. Timms, Katalin A. Wilkinson, and Robert J. Wilkinson
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB) in HIV-uninfected people in Europe, but it is not known whether such an association exists among HIV-infected people in subtropical Africa. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine whether vitamin D deficiency was associated with susceptibility to active TB in HIV-uninfected (n = 196) and HIV-infected (n = 174) black Africans in Cape Town, South Africa. We also investigated whether there was evidence of seasonal variation in vitamin D status and TB notifications in this setting over an 8-y period. Vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] <50 nmol/L) was present in 232 (62.7%) of 370 participants and was associated with active TB in both HIV-uninfected (odds ratio = 5.2, 95% confidence interval: 2.8–9.7; P < 0.001) and HIV-infected (odds ratio = 5.6, 95% confidence interval: 2.7–11.6; P < 0.001) people. Vitamin D status varied according to season: The mean serum 25(OH)D concentration was highest in January through March and lowest in July through September (56.8 vs. 30.7 nmol/L, respectively; P < 0.001). Reciprocal seasonal variation in TB notifications was observed: The mean number of TB notifications per quarter for Cape Town in 2003 to 2010 was lowest in April through June and highest in October through December (4,222 vs. 5,080; P < 0.001). Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among black Africans in Cape Town and is associated with susceptibility to active TB both in the presence and absence of HIV infection. Reciprocal seasonal variation in serum 25(OH)D concentration and TB notifications suggests that seasonal variations in vitamin D status and TB incidence in this setting are causally related.
