根据美国PhysOrg网2012年1月4日的报道,在一年内被单核细胞增生性李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes)污染的甜瓜杀死30个人的岁月里,发现一种控制这种致命性细菌---可能还有其他的细菌---的化合物是一个好消息。
美国康奈尔大学研究人员鉴定出一种称作氟-苯基-苯乙烯磺酰胺(fluoro-phenyl-styrene-sulfonamide, FPSS)的化合物,它对哺乳动物无害,但能够当场阻止李斯特菌。当这种细菌经历快速变化的环境时,它会表达一些基因。该化合物阻断控制这些基因表达的机制。
这一发现发表在美国微生物协会2011年11月/12月那期的《mBio》期刊上,为关于单核细胞增生性李斯特菌和其他细菌在大量快速变化的恶劣环境---人胃中发现的从波动起伏的温度到低pH值---下存活方面的基础研究提供新的方向。此外,人们极有可能最终将FPSS开发为一种对抗李斯特菌病(listeriosis)和其他细菌感染的药物。
康奈尔大学食品科学教授Kathryn Boor,也是这篇论文的通信作者,他说,“迄今为止,这特别是我职业生涯最为激动人心的研究。”Mary Elizabeth Palmer是论文的第一作者。
食物来源的病原菌要能够感染人,它必须需能够在快速变化的环境中存活,这些环境包括冰箱的冰冷条件,烹调时的加热条件,胃中高度酸性的条件以及小肠中渗透性和厌氧性条件。根据该研究结果,单核细胞增生性李斯特菌和某些其他细菌为了达到感染的目的就利用一种称作σB的“应激反应选择性σ因子(stress-responsive alternative sigma factor)”,该因子控制着150多种基因,包括那些在宿主相关的应激条件下有助于细菌毒力和存活的基因,也包括一些让细菌跨越胃肠道所必需的基因。
Boor说,“我们是第一次描述单核细胞增生性李斯特菌σB因子。它是这种细菌从一种无害的环境细菌转变为一种人类致病菌的关键。它允许这种单细胞致病菌在食物传送过程中变化的环境造成杀伤下存活下来,随后在人体完成这一转变。”
Boor和同事们一鉴定出σB因子,他们就寻找可能阻止它发挥作用的化合物。通过对来自美国哈佛大学和麻省理工学院布罗德研究所(Broad Institute)多套文库中的57000种自然和人工合成的小分子化合物进行计算机自动控制的筛选,研究人员最初发现了41种抑制σB因子的小分子化合物。在这些当中,他们发现FPSS对哺乳细胞没有毒性,但能够抑制单核细胞增生性李斯特菌和枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)---一种土壤细菌和食品污染菌,能够在高热环境中存活---的σB因子。
Boor补充道,“在搜索对哺乳动物无害但是又能阻止诸如李斯特菌之类的致病菌的抗生素过程中,这是一种新出现的方法,很可能作为一种可行的治疗方法来对抗其他微生物。”
她说仍然需要更多的研究以便更好地理解FPSS如何控制σB因子活性以及这种化合物在诸如蜡样芽胞杆菌(B. cereus, 导致食源性疾病)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus, 导致痤疮和肺炎)和炭疽杆菌(Bacillus anthracis, 导致炭疽热)之类的致病菌中是否也影响同样的机制。(生物谷:towersimper编译)
doi:10.1128/mBio.00241-11
PMC:
PMID:22128349
The Listeria monocytogenes σB Regulon and Its Virulence-Associated Functions Are Inhibited by a Small Molecule
M. Elizabeth Palmer, Soraya Chaturongakul, Martin Wiedmann, and Kathryn J. Boor
The stress-responsive alternative sigma factor σB is conserved across diverse Gram-positive bacterial genera. In Listeria monocytogenes, σB regulates transcription of >150 genes, including genes contributing to virulence and to bacterial survival under host-associated stress conditions, such as those encountered in the human gastrointestinal lumen. An inhibitor of L. monocytogenes σB activity was identified by screening ~57,000 natural and synthesized small molecules using a high-throughput cell-based assay. The compound fluoro-phenyl-styrene-sulfonamide (FPSS) (IC50 = 3.5 µM) downregulated the majority of genes previously identified as members of the σB regulon in L. monocytogenes 10403S, thus generating a transcriptional profile comparable to that of a 10403S ΔsigB strain. Specifically, of the 208 genes downregulated by FPSS, 75% had been identified previously as positively regulated by σB. Downregulated genes included key virulence and stress response genes, such as inlA, inlB, bsh, hfq, opuC, and bilE. From a functional perspective, FPSS also inhibited L. monocytogenes invasion of human intestinal epithelial cells and bile salt hydrolase activity. The ability of FPSS to inhibit σB activity in both L. monocytogenes and Bacillus subtilis indicates its utility as a specific inhibitor of σB across multiple Gram-positive genera.
IMPORTANCE The σB transcription factor regulates expression of genes responsible for bacterial survival under changing environmental conditions and for virulence; therefore, this alternative sigma factor is important for transmission of L. monocytogenes and other Gram-positive bacteria. Regulation of σB activity is complex and tightly controlled, reflecting the key role of this factor in bacterial metabolism. We present multiple lines of evidence indicating that fluoro-phenyl-styrene-sulfonamide (FPSS) specifically inhibits activity of σB across Gram-positive bacterial genera, i.e., in both Listeria monocytogenes and Bacillus subtilis. Therefore, FPSS is an important new tool that will enable novel approaches for exploring complex regulatory networks in L. monocytogenes and other Gram-positive pathogens and for investigating small-molecule applications for controlling pathogen transmission.