近日，国际著名杂志PLoS ONE在线发表了中科院水生生物研究所研究人员的最新研究成果“Composition, Diversity, and Origin of the Bacterial Community in Grass Carp Intestine，”，文章中，研究者在草鱼消化道微生物的研究上取得新进展，该研究工作主要由吴山功副研究员等人完成。
动物消化道内存在着大量的微生物，在长期进化过程中与宿主动物协同进化而具有许多重要功能，其中参与宿主消化道物质代谢与能量代谢是其最重要的功能之一。因此，消化道微生物群落结构的稳定，对于宿主营养物质的消化与吸收有重要作用。草鱼是全球淡水养殖产量最大的一个品种，2009年草鱼养殖产量占我国淡水养殖总产量的21.4%，但迄今为止，尚缺乏对于草鱼肠道微生物的深入研究。
近年来，中国科学院水生生物研究所王桂堂研究员学科组在“973”项目“淡水池塘集约化养殖的基础科学问题研究”的支持下，对草鱼消化道微生物开展了一系列研究工作。研究发现，草鱼肠道存在核心的微生物区系，潜在的病原菌和益生菌都是草鱼肠道区系的重要成员；消化道中有许多对食物消化起重要作用的纤维素降解细菌；底泥和水体中的微生物会最终影响肠道微生物群落结构，而食物中的细菌能够快速改变肠道微生物区系；生长发育差异显著的草鱼其消化道微生物存在明显差异。进一步的培养实验发现，潜在的病原菌——气单胞菌属的种类恰恰又是消化道纤维素食物降解的重要类群之一。（生物谷Bioon.com）
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0030440
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Composition, Diversity, and Origin of the Bacterial Community in Grass Carp Intestine
Shangong Wu1, Guitang Wang1*, Esther R. Angert2, Weiwei Wang1, Wenxiang Li1, Hong Zou1
Gut microbiota has become an integral component of the host, and received increasing attention. However, for many domestic animals, information on the microbiota is insufficient and more effort should be exerted to manage the gastrointestinal bacterial community. Understanding the factors that influence the composition of microbial community in the host alimentary canal is essential to manage or improve the microbial community composition. In the present study, 16S rRNA gene sequence-based comparisons of the bacterial communities in the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) intestinal contents and fish culture-associated environments are performed. The results show that the fish intestinal microbiota harbors many cellulose-decomposing bacteria, including sequences related to Anoxybacillus, Leuconostoc, Clostridium, Actinomyces, and Citrobacter. The most abundant bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the grass carp intestinal content are those related to feed digestion. In addition, the potential pathogens and probiotics are important members of the intestinal microbiota. Further analyses show that grass carp intestine holds a core microbiota composed of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria. The comparison analyses reveal that the bacterial community in the intestinal contents is most similar to those from the culture water and sediment. However, feed also plays significant influence on the composition of gut microbiota.
