据耶鲁大学的工程师新的研究表明:仅仅一个人待在一个房间里就可以每一小时向空气中排放37万个细菌。
耶鲁大学环境工程副教授Jordan Peccia最近发表在Indoor Air杂志上的一项研究表明:我们生活在这种“微生物层汤”中,其中大部分成分是我们自己产生的微生物。实际上,地板上的灰尘是我们所吸入的细菌的主要来源。
很多早期研究证实日常生活空间中存在着各种病菌。但是,这项最新的研究还是首次量化了单个人的存在对室内生物气溶胶水平的影响。
Peccia和他的研究小组连续8天测量和分析了大学底楼教室的微生物颗粒,连续4天测量和分析了定期使用的房间,连续4天测量和分析了连续空置的房间。在任何时候都保持门窗关闭。HVAC系统运行在正常水平上。研究人员按大小排序了所测颗粒。
总体而言,他们发现的人类的存在与空气中大小不同的细菌和真菌浓度的大幅增加有关。研究人员表示:人类的存在带来了较大的真菌颗粒和中型的细菌颗粒。细菌和真菌固有的颗粒大小是非常重要的,因为这会影响我们是否能过滤掉空气中的这些颗粒。
研究人员发现房间里所有排放的细菌约18%来自人类,而不是植物和其他来源,包括新鲜和以前存放细菌。研究发现房中含量高的15个细菌品种,有四个直接与人相关,含量最高的细菌尤其与人类相关。与人类包括最丰富。
Peccia说尤其是铺有地毯的房间会保留高数量的微生物,但指出这并不一定意味着房间中不能地毯。庆幸的是室内常见的微生物极少数(少于0.1%)是传染性的。
尽管如此,但了解室内生物气溶胶的含量有利于改善空气质量。
研究人员已经在美国以外的国家开始了一系列类似的研究。
该论文的第一作者是耶鲁大学的J. Qian。其他作者包括耶鲁大学的D. Hospodsky和N. Yamamoto,耶鲁,加州大学伯克利分校的WW nazaroff。
这项研究是由Alfred P. Sloan基金会的资助。(生物谷:Bioon)
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0668.2012.00769.x
PMC:
PMID:
Size-resolved emission rates of airborne bacteria and fungi in an occupied classroom
J. Qian, D. Hospodsky, N. Yamamoto, W. W. Nazaroff, J. Peccia.
The role of human occupancy as a source of indoor biological aerosols is poorly understood. Size-resolved concentrations of total and biological particles in indoor air were quantified in a classroom under occupied and vacant conditions. Per-occupant emission rates were estimated through a mass-balance modeling approach, and the microbial diversity of indoor and outdoor air during occupancy was determined via rDNA gene sequence analysis. Significant increases of total particle mass and bacterial genome concentrations were observed during the occupied period compared to the vacant case. These increases varied in magnitude with the particle size and ranged from 3 to 68 times for total mass, 12–2700 times for bacterial genomes, and 1.5–5.2 times for fungal genomes. Emission rates per person-hour because of occupancy were 31 mg, 37 × 106 genome copies, and 7.3 × 106 genome copies for total particle mass, bacteria, and fungi, respectively. Of the bacterial emissions, ~18% are from taxa that are closely associated with the human skin microbiome. This analysis provides size-resolved, per person-hour emission rates for these biological particles and illustrates the extent to which being in an occupied room results in exposure to bacteria that are associated with previous or current human occupants.