近日,国际著名杂志BMC Microbiology在线刊登了斯坦福大学和加利福尼亚大学研究者的共同研究成果“Molecular probe technology detects bacteria without culture”,文章中,研究者开发出了一种不用通过培养基培养而可以直接检测出细菌的新的探针技术。
人类的微生物组计划自实施开始就使用了宏基因组的方法在不同的地方以及人类机体中识别各种细菌,因为很多种细菌是不能够在培养基被培养出来得到鉴定的,第二代DNA测序技术并不能够满足我们的目的,至少不能够在个体调查和临床诊断上带来一定帮助,这就为今后的生物信息学技术带来了更大的挑战,因此未来最大的挑战就是在混合物中如何准确检测出每一种细菌的具体信息,而目前我们只是掌握了细菌的部分基因组序列信息。
研究者在以前的研究中使用了一种分子倒位探针(molecular inversion probes,MIP)通过大量的多重分子技术操作来检测并识别细菌,而且这种MIP技术也用于发现和测定人类DNA中的单核苷酸多态性,人类的基因组是二倍体,而细菌的是单倍体,因此在分子技术探针的研究中我们便可以稍微简化程序来进行细菌的检测。
本文中研究者使用了Affymetrix GenFlex Tag16K来对每一个临床样品中的细菌进行多通路检测,为了在临床样品的检测中达到多样性,研究者引入了一种分子探针来进行独立的检测试验,这种探针是基于寡聚核苷酸连接分析和检测技术进行测序的(SOLiD),通过在每一个临床样品中加入特异的寡核苷酸标记条码,然后适当处理后,研究者将样品和标记条码结合,随后进行测序。研究者是首次使用分子探针技术来检测临床样品中的细菌,借助Tag4阵列,作者引入了SOLiD测序技术来进行更精确的检测,这种新的检测技术允许被处理过的样品重新被结合以进行多样性的测序检测,达到更精确的结果。(生物谷:T.Shen编译)
doi:10.1186/1471-2180-12-29
PMC:
PMID:
Molecular probe technology detects bacteria without culture
Richard W Hyman3,1,7*, Robert P St Onge3,1, Hyunsung Kim4, John S Tamaresis5, Molly Miranda3, Ana M Aparicio3, Marilyn Fukushima3,1, Nader Pourmand4, Linda C Giudice6 and Ronald W Davis3,1,2
Background Our ultimate goal is to detect the entire human microbiome, in health and in disease, in a single reaction tube, and employing only commercially available reagents. To that end, we adapted molecular inversion probes to detect bacteria using solely a massively multiplex molecular technology. This molecular probe technology does not require growth of the bacteria in culture. Rather, the molecular probe technology requires only a sequence of forty sequential bases unique to the genome of the bacterium of interest. In this communication, we report the first results of employing our molecular probes to detect bacteria in clinical samples.
Results While the assay on Affymetrix GenFlex Tag16K arrays allows the multiplexing of the detection of the bacteria in each clinical sample, one Affymetrix GenFlex Tag16K array must be used for each clinical sample. To multiplex the clinical samples, we introduce a second, independent assay for the molecular probes employing Sequencing by Oligonucleotide Ligation and Detection. By adding one unique oligonucleotide barcode for each clinical sample, we combine the samples after processing, but before sequencing, and sequence them together.
Conclusions Overall, we have employed 192 molecular probes representing 40 bacteria to detect the bacteria in twenty-one vaginal swabs as assessed by the Affymetrix GenFlex Tag16K assay and fourteen of those by the Sequencing by Oligonucleotide Ligation and Detection assay. The correlations among the assays were excellent.