对于近年来出现的细菌耐药性我们束手无策,近日,刊登在国际著名杂志Nature Structure & Molecular Biology上的一篇研究报告中指出,未来新的治疗方法在于抑制致病菌中某些重要的致病机理的发生,而不是杀死细菌。
这项研究由澳洲莫纳斯大学的研究者来进行,研究者发现了一种蛋白质复合物,这种蛋白质复合物称为易位组合组件分子(Translocation and Assembly Module,TAM),可以在细菌中形成分子泵,TAM允许细菌在许多关键疾病之间穿梭,可以促使分子从细菌的细胞中排出至宿主体内,并且引起宿主感染。博士研究生Joel Selkrig表示,这就为我们将来设计新药,抑制细菌的这个疾病产生过程提供了很好的基础,TAM在许多致病菌中都有发现,一般的致病微生物可以引起百日咳和脑膜炎,而医院获得性的致病菌可以产生对抗生素的耐药性。
因此,这就提供了一种抗微生物的靶点,我们就可以设计出有效的抑制TAM功能的药物来抑制细菌,但是并不杀死细菌,这样,就相当于剥夺了细菌的武器,使得疾病感染得到有效控制。通过此种方法,我们可以在抗生素治疗后保证细菌存活,并且阻止细菌产生耐药性。
Trevor Lithgow领导的研究组揭示了TAM是有两种蛋白组分TamA和TamB组成,两个蛋白组分一起来共同发挥作用;研究者们比较了正常毒力细菌和人工操作的无TAM的突变体细菌的结构,发现在突变体细菌外膜上和疾病相关的重要蛋白缺失了,缺失的蛋白可以帮助细菌吸入至机体,然后引发各种感染。
Selkrig表示,下一步他们将仔细剖析TAM复合物发挥功能的分子机制,并且和药学院的研究者一起联合开发抑制细菌中TAM的新型抗生素。(生物谷:T.Shen编译)
doi:10.1038/nsmb.2261
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Discovery of an archetypal protein transport system in bacterial outer membranes
Joel Selkrig,1 Khedidja Mosbahi,2 Chaille T Webb,1 Matthew J Belousoff,1 Andrew J Perry,1 Timothy J Wells,3 Faye Morris,3 Denisse L Leyton,1, 3 Makrina Totsika,4 Minh-Duy Phan,4 Nermin Celik,1 Michelle Kelly,5 Clare Oates,5 Elizabeth L Hartland,5 Roy M Robins-Browne,5, 6 Sri Harsha Ramarathinam,7 Anthony W Purcell,7 Mark A Schembri,4 Richard A Strugnell,5 Ian R Henderson,3 Daniel Walker2 & Trevor Lithgow1
Bacteria have mechanisms to export proteins for diverse purposes, including colonization of hosts and pathogenesis. A small number of archetypal bacterial secretion machines have been found in several groups of bacteria and mediate a fundamentally distinct secretion process. Perhaps erroneously, proteins called 'autotransporters' have long been thought to be one of these protein secretion systems. Mounting evidence suggests that autotransporters might be substrates to be secreted, not an autonomous transporter system. We have discovered a new translocation and assembly module (TAM) that promotes efficient secretion of autotransporters in proteobacteria. Functional analysis of the TAM in Citrobacter rodentium, Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli showed that it consists of an Omp85-family protein, TamA, in the outer membrane and TamB in the inner membrane of diverse bacterial species. The discovery of the TAM provides a new target for the development of therapies to inhibit colonization by bacterial pathogens.