8月3日,刊登在国际著名杂志Cell上的一篇研究报告指出,人类肠道中的微生物群落组分会在其怀孕期间发生剧烈改变,尽管这些改变和代谢疾病相关,但是对于怀孕妇女来说却是有益的。研究者Ley表示,这是首次深入揭示肠道微生物与怀孕相关的,研究发现建议,我们的机体已经进化出了小的微生物群落,或许我们可以直接利用这些微生物群落来改变母亲体内的代谢来帮助胎儿成长。
在非妊娠的动物体内,改变其体内微生物群落组分可以引发其患一些代谢综合征,包括增加体重、异常的葡萄糖代谢和验证等,当然了这些症状在孕妇身上也会发生,但是潜在的原因并不知道,目前关于妇女怀孕期间和肠道微生物的研究比较少。
为了解决这个科学难题,研究者Ley和其同事从91个孕妇那里获得其粪便样品,他们研究发现在怀孕前三个月和后三个月的时间里,孕妇肠道内的微生物组分发生了改变,而且整个怀孕期间,肠道的微生物组分变得不正常和多样性。在怀孕期间,孕妇肠道中的有益细菌数量明显降低,相反,致病细菌的数量急剧上升,另外,再次期间炎性标志物也增加了。肠道微生物群落的改变和饮食并无关系,因此研究者认为这是免疫系统或者激素在发挥作用。
当来自孕妇的肠道微生物群落(分妊娠前三个月和后三个月)转移至健康的无菌小鼠体内后,相比妊娠期前三个月的微生物群落来说,带有后三个月微生物群落的小鼠变得以非常肥胖以及携带有高水平的炎性标志物和危险的葡萄糖代谢过程。
妊娠末三个月,肠道中的为生物群落可以诱导机体的代谢改变,在怀孕的情况下,母体代谢的改变是健康的,因为这促进了机体脂肪能量的储存,帮助给予胎儿营养。如果没有怀孕,这些改变可以引发II型糖尿病和其它健康问题。(生物谷Bioon.com)
编译自:'Unhealthy' Changes in Gut Microbes Benefit Pregnant Women
doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.07.008
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Host Remodeling of the Gut Microbiome and Metabolic Changes during Pregnancy
Omry Koren, Julia K. Goodrich, Tyler C. Cullender, Aymé Spor, Kirsi Laitinen, Helene Kling Bäckhed, Antonio Gonzalez, Jeffrey J. Werner, Largus T. Angenent, Rob Knight, Fredrik Bäckhed, Erika Isolauri, Seppo Salminen, Ruth E. Ley
Many of the immune and metabolic changes occurring during normal pregnancy also describe metabolic syndrome. Gut microbiota can cause symptoms of metabolic syndrome in nonpregnant hosts. Here, to explore their role in pregnancy, we characterized fecal bacteria of 91 pregnant women of varying prepregnancy BMIs and gestational diabetes status and their infants. Similarities between infant-mother microbiotas increased with children’s age, and the infant microbiota was unaffected by mother’s health status. Gut microbiota changed dramatically from first (T1) to third (T3) trimesters, with vast expansion of diversity between mothers, an overall increase in Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, and reduced richness. T3 stool showed strongest signs of inflammation and energy loss; however, microbiome gene repertoires were constant between trimesters. When transferred to germ-free mice, T3 microbiota induced greater adiposity and insulin insensitivity compared to T1. Our findings indicate that host-microbial interactions that impact host metabolism can occur and may be beneficial in pregnancy.