2012年8月14日 讯 /生物谷BIOON/ --近日,来自弗莱堡大学的研究者收集了细菌甲酸盐转移蛋白(细菌重要代谢过程的蛋白质)精确数据信息,通过对这些数据进行深入分析,结果将对于开发新型抗生素的活性成分带来很大希望。相关研究成果刊登在了国际著名杂志PNAS上。
哺乳动物的肠道微生物菌群是由多种多样的细菌及其它微生物组成,人类的肠道也是许多微生物的栖身之地,在这里,微生物可以或许其生存和繁殖必须的营养物质。在营养物质以及碳水化合物丰富,但是缺乏氧气的环境中,许多细菌进化发展出了一种特殊的代谢形式:混合酸发酵过程,这种代谢过程涉及糖分解,使得糖进入肠道成为像甲酸(醋酸或者乳酸)一样的有机酸,然后将其排泄掉。这个过程为细菌提供了基本的能量,而且微环境也进行了土壤酸化的作用,同时这个过程也获益于肠道中的有益细菌和致病菌,比如像沙门氏菌一样的致病菌也从此获益。在人类机体中是没有混合酸发酵的,细菌进行此项过程所涉及的分子组分为将来我们开发抵御致病菌感染的新型抗生素活性成分提供了基础。
甲酸盐(Formate)是混合酸发酵过程中的中间蛋白质成分,肠道细菌具有甲酸盐通道FocA,其实一种特殊的运输蛋白质,可以运输甲酸盐以及甲酸负离子通过细菌的细胞膜。为了研究FocA的更多功能,研究者将这种蛋白质引入到人工生物膜中,当其通过通道进行流动的时候,测定其离子的电流强度。
为了更精确地得到FocA的运输行为的精确数据,研究小组通过通道获取设备收集到了其详细的信息,当环境中的pH值过低的时候,它会通过继续外排酸来阻止细菌受到伤害,研究小组同时也发现FocA可以转运不同的阴离子,如乙酸离子、乳酸离子和丙酮酸离子等,这些都是混合酸发酵的产物。
FocA对于整个过程具有中枢的重要性,研究结果将为未来治疗人类肠道疾病的相关疗法提供基础和建议。(生物谷Bioon.com)
编译自:A channel of unexpected significance
doi:10.1073/pnas.1204201109
PMC:
PMID:
The formate channel FocA exports the products of mixed-acid fermentation
Wei Lü, Juan Du, Nikola J. Schwarzer, Elke Gerbig-Smentek, Oliver Einsle, and Susana L. A. Andrade1
Formate is a major metabolite in the anaerobic fermentation of glucose by many enterobacteria. It is translocated across cellular membranes by the pentameric ion channel/transporter FocA that, together with the nitrite channel NirC, forms the formate/nitrite transporter (FNT) family of membrane transport proteins. Here we have carried out an electrophysiological analysis of FocA from Salmonella typhimurium to characterize the channel properties and assess its specificity toward formate and other possible permeating ions. Single-channel currents for formate, hypophosphite and nitrite revealed two mechanistically distinct modes of gating that reflect different types of structural rearrangements in the transport channel of each FocA protomer. Moreover, FocA did not conduct cations or divalent anions, but the chloride anion was identified as further transported species, along with acetate, lactate and pyruvate. Formate, acetate and lactate are major end products of anaerobic mixed-acid fermentation, the pathway where FocA is predominantly required, so that this channel is ideally adapted to act as a multifunctional export protein to prevent their intracellular accumulation. Because of the high degree of conservation in the residues forming the transport channel among FNT family members, the flexibility in conducting multiple molecules is most likely a general feature of these proteins.