植物细胞有其独特的进行光合作用的细胞器官——叶绿体。上图是叶绿体结构的示意图,叶绿体内部堆积的类囊体是光合作用的场所。叶绿体中大部分的蛋白质在细胞核中编码,因此叶绿体的生物合成与功能依赖于蛋白质的转运。蛋白质跨过外层叶绿体膜的转移依靠易位子复合物(Toc)的活性,该活性涉及到一些GTP酶组分的参与,如Toc34。4月8日《结构》(Structure)杂志封面背景的“缎带”,即为豌豆(前景)中Toc34二聚体的晶体三维结构。
蛋白质前体跨越叶绿体膜的转移过程涉及位于叶绿体外层GTP酶33、34和159号易位子复合物(Toc33/34,Toc159)。而较小的GTP酶33/34易位子复合物往往趋于形成同源二聚体,这种作用的机制目前还不清楚。就这个问题,Koeni等人研究了豌豆Toc34拟南芥Toc33二聚体和的晶体结构,发现易位子复合物二聚化处于独立的核苷酸负荷状态。二聚体中一个精氨酸残基的位置类似于GAP精氨酸。然而,由二聚体活化GAP酶的现象是很少见的,而且其活化位点不能解释催化过程,这就意味着同型二聚体需要有类似共GAP(coGAP)的另外一个因素。二聚体中催化中心的入口和一种不寻常的开关运动支持了这一猜想,即易位子复合物之间的相互作用或蛋白质前体的潜在结合位点都是由这种二聚体的结构特点决定的。(科学网 武彦文/编译)
生物谷推荐原始出处:
(Structure),Vol 16, 585-596, 08 April 2008,Patrick Koenig, Ivo Tews
The GTPase Cycle of the Chloroplast Import Receptors Toc33/Toc34: Implications from Monomeric and Dimeric Structures
Patrick Koenig,1 Mislav Oreb,2,4 Anja Höfle,2,4 Sabine Kaltofen,3 Karsten Rippe,3 Irmgard Sinning,1 Enrico Schleiff,2,4 and Ivo Tews1,
Summary
Transport of precursor proteins across chloroplast membranes involves the GTPases Toc33/34 and Toc159 at the outer chloroplast envelope. The small GTPase Toc33/34 can homodimerize, but the regulation of this interaction has remained elusive. We show that dimerization is independent of nucleotide loading state, based on crystal structures of dimeric Pisum sativum Toc34 and monomeric Arabidopsis thaliana Toc33. An arginine residue is—in the dimer—positioned to resemble a GAP arginine finger. However, GTPase activation by dimerization is sparse and active site features do not explain catalysis, suggesting that the homodimer requires an additional factor as coGAP. Access to the catalytic center and an unusual switch I movement in the dimeric structure support this finding. Potential binding sites for interactions within the Toc translocon or with precursor proteins can be derived from the structures.