美国北卡罗来纳大学的研究人员将来自人类皮肤的细胞转化为了能够生成胰岛素(用于治疗糖尿病的激素)的细胞。研究者说,这个突破有朝一日能够成为治疗甚至治愈上百万糖尿病患者的良方。
这一方法包括将皮肤细胞改变为多能干细胞,即能够增加其他重要或成熟细胞的种类,诱变其转化为具有特殊功能的细胞——本研究中是能够分泌胰岛素的细胞。
最近的许多研究表明使用“遗传因子”(能够控制细胞中哪一个基因处于活跃状态的特殊蛋白质)能够使细胞还原为多能状态。在这一领域日本京都大学的Shinya Yamanaka博士的研究处于领先地位。
然而,美国纽卡斯尔大学(UNC)的研究是第一个宣布用这种方法转变的细胞能够改变为分泌胰岛素的细胞。研究结果公布在《生物化学杂志》(Journal of Biological Chemistry)上。
研究者UNC的生物学教授张宜(音译)博士说:“这不仅表明我们能够改变皮肤细胞,而且我们也证明了这些细胞能够被改变为产生胰岛素的细胞,这将可能有助于糖尿病的治疗。”
美国糖尿病协会会长John Buse教授说:“当然这还需要进行大量的研究工作,但是这却能够为所有糖尿病患者带来希望。”
全世界大约有2400万人患有糖尿病,当人体无法正确产生或使用胰岛素的时候就会产生这种疾病。事实上,所有患有I型糖尿病的患者需要每天注射胰岛素来控制他们的血糖水平。
新近研究提供了一种可能的长期治疗方法——将能够产生胰岛素的细胞植入病人体内,十分令人期待。但是这个方法也面临着挑战,即匹配器官捐赠者的匮乏以及需要抑制病人的免疫系统。
张博士和其他研究者也提到了这些问题,这些细胞可以从病人的身上来获得。
张博士与Buse合作从糖尿病患者身上收集皮肤样本。他希望这些最新的实验能够有助于找到一种新的治疗甚至治愈糖尿病的方法。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐原始出处:
Journal of Biological Chemistry,doi:10.1074/jbc.M806597200,Keisuke Tateishi,Yi Zhang
Generation of insulin-secreting islet-like clusters from human skin fibroblasts
Keisuke Tateishi, Jin He, Olena Taranova, Gaoyang Liang, Ana C. D'Alessio, and Yi Zhang
Increasing evidence suggests that islet cell transplantation for patients with type I diabetes holds great promise for achieving insulin independence. However, the extreme shortage of matched organ donors and the necessity for chronic immunosuppression has made it impossible for this treatment to be used for the general diabetic population. Recent success in generating insulin-secreting islet-like cells from human ES cells, in combination with the success in deriving human ES cell-like induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from human fibroblasts by defined factors have raised the possibility that patient-specific insulin-secreting islet-like cells might be derived from somatic cells through cell fate reprogramming using defined factors. Here we confirm that human ES-like iPS cells can be derived from human skin cells by retroviral expression of OCT4, SOX2, c-MYC, and KLF4. Importantly, using a serum-free protocol, we successfully generated insulin-producing islet-like clusters (ILCs) from the iPS cells under feeder-free conditions. We demonstrate that, like human ES cells, skin fibroblasts-derived iPS cells have the potential to be differentiated into islet-like clusters through definitive and pancreatic endoderm. The iPS-derived ILCs not only contain C-peptide positive and glucagon positive cells, but also release C-peptide upon glucose stimulation. Thus, our study provides evidence that insulin-secreting ILCs can be generated from skin fibroblasts, raising the possibility that patient-specific iPS cells could potentially provide a treatment for diabetes in the future.