美国科学家发现了热应激因子1(HSF1)与SIRT1调节生命周期的新机制。高水平的SIRT1能有效地保护细胞,但人体内的SIRT1水平会随着年龄的增长而降低,导致细胞无法应对内外环境的压力,这就是衰老的真相,研究结果发表在20日的《科学》杂志上。
为了更好地理解细胞怎样免于压力和损伤,美国西北大学生物化学、分子生物学和细胞生物学教授比尔和盖勒·库克团队研究了红酒中富含的对人体有益的化学物质白藜芦醇(resveratrol)对人类组织细胞的影响。
研究人员发现,名为酵母交配型沉默信息调节因子1(SIRT1)的蛋白对长时间保持细胞健康很重要。SIRT1蛋白有助于限制热量以及延长寿命,它可以被白藜芦醇激活,可以调整热休克因子1(heatshockfactor,HSF)使其保持活跃。HSF1是一种保护细胞免受蛋白错误折叠和蛋白损伤压力的重要调节因子,HSF1感觉到细胞中受损坏的蛋白的出现,提高分子伴侣(molecularchaperones)的表达来使得细胞蛋白处于折叠的、起作用的状态,这种调整方式让细胞保持年轻。
西北大学分子生物学和细胞生物学教授理查德·莫瑞莫托说:“当SIRT1的含量很高时,人体细胞处于受保护的状态。当HSF1更活跃时,细胞被保护,可以抵御伤害。”
莫瑞莫托解释说,SIRT1水平随着年龄的增长而减少,细胞也不能很好地对压力作出反应。SIRT1的减少使HSF1失去活性,对细胞的保护失效,导致蛋白错误折叠,许多损伤积累,分子系统开始分崩离析,这就是衰老的原因。而且,这也可以解释为什么与蛋白错误折叠有关的阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、亨廷顿舞蹈病等都同年龄有关。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐原始出处:
Science 20 February 2009:DOI: 10.1126/science.1165946
Stress-Inducible Regulation of Heat Shock Factor 1 by the Deacetylase SIRT1
Sandy D. Westerheide,1* Julius Anckar,2* Stanley M. Stevens, Jr.,3 Lea Sistonen,2 Richard I. Morimoto1
Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is essential for protecting cells from protein-damaging stress associated with misfolded proteins and regulates the insulin-signaling pathway and aging. Here, we show that human HSF1 is inducibly acetylated at a critical residue that negatively regulates DNA binding activity. Activation of the deacetylase and longevity factor SIRT1 prolonged HSF1 binding to the heat shock promoter Hsp70 by maintaining HSF1 in a deacetylated, DNA–binding competent state. Conversely, down-regulation of SIRT1 accelerated the attenuation of the heat shock response (HSR) and release of HSF1 from its cognate promoter elements. These results provide a mechanistic basis for the requirement of HSF1 in the regulation of life span and establish a role for SIRT1 in protein homeostasis and the HSR.
1 Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Cell Biology, Rice Institute for Biomedical Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
2 Department of Biology, Turku Centre for Biotechnology, ?bo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
3 University of Florida, Protein Chemistry Core Facility, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.