美国斯坦福大学医学院的研究人员Anne Brunet等人对老鼠模型研究发现,一个与寿命相关的基因能够影响大脑神经干细胞的功能。这项研究还说明在衰老过程中,该基因或许对维持认知功能有重要的作用。这篇研究报告发表在11月6日的Cell Stem Cell杂志上。
大脑神经干细胞有两种不同的命运:一类维持自我更新,另一类形成新的神经元以及少突胶质细胞(oligodendrocytes)和星形胶质细胞(astrocytes)。老鼠在衰老过程中,大脑神经干细胞库开始萎缩,新生神经元越来越少,从而使认知能力和感觉功能逐渐丧失。
该课题组对FoxO转录因子家族(参与细胞增殖,分化和凋亡)进行研究,研究人员通过敲除老鼠FoxO3基因,想确认该基因是否参与调控神经干细胞库。在试验中,Brunet选择了三个年龄阶段的老鼠:出生1天(新生儿期),3个月大(青年期),1年(中年期)实施基因敲除。他们发现,缺失FoxO3基因的青年期和中年期的老鼠和对照组(未进行基因敲除)老鼠相比,神经干细胞中FoxO3调节蛋白的数量要少得多。而对新生老鼠来说,是否缺失FoxO3基因影响不大,这说明,FoxO3调节因子只对成年期有影响。
研究人员还发现,缺失FoxO3基因的成年老鼠大脑中极少量的干细胞比正常老鼠能更快速产生大量的神经细胞前体(neural cell precursors)——可以分化为新生神经元。而且缺失FoxO3基因的成年老鼠一般比对照组重。
对培养皿中神经干细胞观察发现,青年期和中年期老鼠的神经干细胞中缺少FoxO3调节蛋白,但新生儿期正常,这或许与三个时期神经干细胞自我更新以及形成神经元的能力不同有关。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐原始出处:
Cell Stem Cell,6 November 2009 doi:10.1016/j.stem.2009.09.014
FoxO3 Regulates Neural Stem Cell Homeostasis
Valérie M. Renault1, Victoria A. Rafalski1, 2, Alex A. Morgan3, 6, Dervis A.M. Salih1, Jamie O. Brett1, Ashley E. Webb1, Saul A. Villeda1, 2, 7, Pramod U. Thekkat1, Camille Guillerey1, Nicholas C. Denko4, Theo D. Palmer5, Atul J. Butte3, 6 and Anne Brunet1, 2, ,
1 Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
2 Neurosciences Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
3 Biomedical Informatics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
4 Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
5 Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
6 Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
In the nervous system, neural stem cells (NSCs) are necessary for the generation of new neurons and for cognitive function. Here we show that FoxO3, a member of a transcription factor family known to extend lifespan in invertebrates, regulates the NSC pool. We find that adult FoxO3−/− mice have fewer NSCs in vivo than wild-type counterparts. NSCs isolated from adult FoxO3−/− mice have decreased self-renewal and an impaired ability to generate different neural lineages. Identification of the FoxO3-dependent gene expression profile in NSCs suggests that FoxO3 regulates the NSC pool by inducing a program of genes that preserves quiescence, prevents premature differentiation, and controls oxygen metabolism. The ability of FoxO3 to prevent the premature depletion of NSCs might have important implications for counteracting brain aging in long-lived species.