美国斯坦福大学医学院研究人员27日宣布,他们在实验中绕过诱导多能干细胞(iPS)这一步骤,首次直接将实验鼠皮肤细胞转化为神经细胞。这项成果对理解细胞分化及再生医学研究均具有重要意义。
研究人员首先选择了19个与细胞重组或神经发展有关的基因,然后利用慢病毒将这些基因植入来自实验鼠胚胎的皮肤细胞中。32天后,其中一些皮肤细胞开始向神经细胞转化。研究人员随后筛选出3个基因,并再次利用慢病毒将其植入来自成年实验鼠尾部的皮肤细胞。一周内,约20%的实验鼠皮肤细胞转化为神经细胞。这些神经细胞不但可以表达神经蛋白,而且可与实验室中的其他神经细胞形成突触。
“我们对转化的时间和效率感到惊讶,”领导这项研究的斯坦福大学医学院助理教授马里厄斯·韦尼希说,“这比先转化为诱导多能干细胞的步骤简单多了。”
诱导多能干细胞指经过基因“重新编排”回归到胚胎干细胞的状态,从而具有类似胚胎干细胞分化能力的体细胞,其转化为特定功能的细胞一般需要数周,转化率一般在1%至2%之间。科学界此前普遍认为,将皮肤细胞转化为其他体细胞必然要经过诱导多能干细胞阶段,该领域的研究也是近年来的科研热点之一。
韦尼希认为,他们的研究表明,多功能阶段可能只是细胞的多种状态之一,而并非皮肤细胞转化为其他细胞的必经之路。找到可以诱导皮肤细胞向其他细胞转化的基因组合对理解细胞分化及再生医学研究均具有重要意义。
这项研究成果27日发表在《自然》杂志网络版上。该研究目前尚处于动物研究阶段,不过研究人员已决定将利用人类皮肤细胞开展类似研究。(生物谷Bioon.com)
推荐阅读:
Nature:细胞系间的强行改变
JBC:将皮肤细胞变成胰岛素生成细胞
生物谷推荐原始出处:
Nature advance online publication 27 January 2010 | doi:10.1038/nature08797
Direct conversion of fibroblasts to functional neurons by defined factors
Thomas Vierbuchen1,2, Austin Ostermeier1,2, Zhiping P. Pang3, Yuko Kokubu1, Thomas C. Südhof3,4 & Marius Wernig1,2
1 Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology,
epartment of Molecular and Cellular Physiology,
2 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1050 Arastradero Road, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
3 Correspondence to: Marius Wernig1,2 Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to M.W.
Cellular differentiation and lineage commitment are considered to be robust and irreversible processes during development. Recent work has shown that mouse and human fibroblasts can be reprogrammed to a pluripotent state with a combination of four transcription factors. This raised the question of whether transcription factors could directly induce other defined somatic cell fates, and not only an undifferentiated state. We hypothesized that combinatorial expression of neural-lineage-specific transcription factors could directly convert fibroblasts into neurons. Starting from a pool of nineteen candidate genes, we identified a combination of only three factors, Ascl1, Brn2 (also called Pou3f2) and Myt1l, that suffice to rapidly and efficiently convert mouse embryonic and postnatal fibroblasts into functional neurons in vitro. These induced neuronal (iN) cells express multiple neuron-specific proteins, generate action potentials and form functional synapses. Generation of iN cells from non-neural lineages could have important implications for studies of neural development, neurological disease modelling and regenerative medicine.