通过移植成体干细胞治疗甚至治愈老年性黄斑变性,近期获得重要的临床进展。该研究已于3月25日发表在Stem Cells上,乔治敦大学医学中心的研究人员已经首次证实具有将人类诱导多能干细胞培育成视网膜细胞的能力。
老年性黄斑变性又称年龄相关性黄斑变性(AMD),主要表现为视网膜色素上皮细胞对视细胞外节盘膜吞噬消化能力下降,结果使未被完全消化的盘膜残余小体潴留于基底部细胞原浆中,并向细胞外排出,沉积于Bruch膜,形成玻璃膜疣。由于黄斑部结 构与功能上的特殊性,此种改变更为明显。玻璃膜疣也见于正常视力的老年人,但由此继发的种种病理改变后,则导致黄斑部变性发生。本病大多发生于45岁以上,其患病率随年龄增长而增高,是当前老年人致盲的重要疾病。目前的一些治疗手段只能延缓病情的进展,无法最终治愈。人类诱导多能干细胞(hiPS)的发现开辟了治疗退化性疾病的新的治疗途径,如治疗AMD,通过移植人自身的干细胞以产生新的组织和细胞。
对于AMD疾病的移植可行性,研究人员首次弄清楚了如何发挥hiPS的作用,并使其拥有原视网膜色素上皮细胞(RPE)的特性。视网膜色素上皮细胞的死亡,会导致AMD。乔治敦大学科学家主持的该研究使得 AMD再生医学方面获得重要的突破。GUMC生物化学与分子细胞生物系助理教授,该项研究的首席作者Nady Golestaneh博士说,首次培育的hiPS-RPE细胞,已具备了RPE细胞的功能和特性,可以成为治疗AMD视网膜再生治疗的重要选择。
Golestaneh及其同事采用已建立的实验室干细胞系,发现在特定环境下由hiPS培育的RPE,在离子转运、膜电位、血管内皮生长因子分泌以及基因表达模式方面与正常眼睛的RPE相类似。然而,我们也发现了一些问题。她解释道,来自于hiPS的RPE细胞呈现快速端粒缩短,DNA的染色体损伤,以及p21表达的提高引起细胞生长停滞。这可能是由于iPS细胞重组过程中,皮肤成纤维细胞的基因中病毒的随机整合。因此,无病毒iPS细胞的产生及其分化至RPE细胞成为这些细胞在临床应用上的必要步骤。
这项研究中将开始着重培育安全且可行的hiPS演化体细胞。总而言之,这对于再生医学的发展而言是重要的一步。(生物谷Bioon.com)
英文链接:http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/03/110324103123.htm
再生泉链接:http://www.chinastemcell.org/newslast.asp?id=584
生物谷推荐英文摘要:
Stem Cells, 2011; DOI: 10.1002/stem.635
Human iPS-Derived Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) Cells Exhibit Ion Transport, Membrane Potential, Polarized VEGF Secretion and Gene Expression Pattern Similar to Native RPE.
Maria Kokkinaki, Niaz Sahibzada, Nady Golestaneh.
Abstract
Aged-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the major causes of blindness in aging population and progresses with death of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptor degeneration inducing impairment of central vision.
Discovery of human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cells has opened new avenues for the treatment of degenerative diseases using patient specific stem cells to generate tissues and cells for autologous cell-based therapy. Recently, RPE cells were generated from hiPS cells. However, there is no evidence that those hiPS-derived RPE possess specific RPE functions that fully distinguish them from other type of cells.
Here we show for the first time that RPE generated from hiPS under defined conditions exhibit ion transport, membrane potential, polarized VEGF secretion and gene expression profile similar to those of native RPE. The hiPS-RPE could therefore be a very good candidate for RPE replacement therapy in AMD. However, these cells show rapid telomere shortening, DNA chromosomal damage and increased p21 expression that cause cell growth arrest. This rapid senescence might affect the survival of the transplanted cells in vivo and therefore, only the very early passages should be used for regeneration therapies. Future research needs to focus on the generation of “safe” as well as viable hiPS-derived somatic cells.