新一期Nature刊文说，日本研究人员利用实验鼠的胚胎干细胞人工培育出了视网膜的雏形结构，这是迄今人工培育出的最为复杂的生理组织。
日本理化研究所发育生物学中心等机构的研究人员报告说，在一种特殊的培养介质中，来自实验鼠的胚胎干细胞逐渐自动形成了名为视杯的结构。视杯是胚胎发育初期的视网膜结构，其形状与酒杯相似，它会逐渐发育出感光细胞、神经细胞等进而形成视网膜。
研究人员说，人工培育出的视杯从结构上看与天然形成的视杯差不多，研究人员正在对人工培育出的视杯进行功能测试，即测试它是否真能感受光线并将相关神经信号传递给实验鼠的大脑。
眼睛是人和许多动物身上最精密的器官，本次研究成果也是迄今人工培育出的最为复杂的生理组织。如果进一步研究能够确认人工培育出的视杯的功能，将非常有助于眼科疾病的研究和治疗，如为修复受损视网膜提供解决方案。（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推荐原文出处：
Nature doi:10.1038/nature09941
Self-organizing optic-cup morphogenesis in three-dimensional culture
Mototsugu Eiraku,1, 2 Nozomu Takata,1 Hiroki Ishibashi,3 Masako Kawada,1 Eriko Sakakura,1, 2 Satoru Okuda,3 Kiyotoshi Sekiguchi,4 Taiji Adachi3, 5 & Yoshiki Sasai1, 2
Balanced organogenesis requires the orchestration of multiple cellular interactions to create the collective cell behaviours that progressively shape developing tissues. It is currently unclear how individual, localized parts are able to coordinate with each other to develop a whole organ shape. Here we report the dynamic, autonomous formation of the optic cup (retinal primordium) structure from a three-dimensional culture of mouse embryonic stem cell aggregates. Embryonic-stem-cell-derived retinal epithelium spontaneously formed hemispherical epithelial vesicles that became patterned along their proximal–distal axis. Whereas the proximal portion differentiated into mechanically rigid pigment epithelium, the flexible distal portion progressively folded inward to form a shape reminiscent of the embryonic optic cup, exhibited interkinetic nuclear migration and generated stratified neural retinal tissue, as seen in vivo. We demonstrate that optic-cup morphogenesis in this simple cell culture depends on an intrinsic self-organizing program involving stepwise and domain-specific regulation of local epithelial properties.
