我国学者对恶性脑胶质瘤的治疗研究又有新进展。研究发现,将融合基因工程化的溶瘤病毒融入体外培养的胶质瘤干细胞中,不仅能够显著抑制胶质瘤干细胞的活性,降低肿瘤细胞的侵袭能力,且能表达具有生物活性的内皮抑素-血管生成抑素(Endo-Angio)融合蛋白,展示了良好的治疗前景。这项由国家自然科学基金资助、首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院神经外科、北京市神经外科研究所刘福生教授与加拿大哥伦比亚大学神经外科脑研究中心William Jia教授等,完成的相关研究论文,近日在国际知名刊物《脑研究》(Brain Research,2011,1390C: 59-69)杂志发表。
脑胶质瘤的发病率约占颅内原发肿瘤的50%,每年全球约有近60万中青年人死于该病,对于脑胶质瘤的治疗,一直是神经外科领域一道最棘手的研究课题。尽管通过手术、放疗、化疗等综合治疗能延长患者生命,但是多数恶性胶质瘤患者中位生存期仅为12~18个月,临床迫切需要寻找新的治疗方法。
研究发现,胶质瘤靶基因有多种,而基因的表达依赖于细胞的长期存活,其中以肿瘤的血管生成作为靶点,通过抑制血管的形成达到基因治疗是最具潜力的方法之一。通过基因工程化的溶瘤病毒,不仅可发挥溶瘤病毒强大的裂解肿瘤细胞的特性,而且能够抑制肿瘤血管的生成,对脑恶性肿瘤的治疗具有重要的意义。为此,刘福生等采用的基因工程化的溶瘤病毒是在天然HSV-1病毒F株基础上,将病毒基因组中ICP34.5和ICP6的双基因敲除,插入人Endo-Angio融合基因进行改造,以使该病毒既具有溶解肿瘤干细胞的溶瘤性质,又能够使肿瘤细胞在溶解前表达Endo-Angio外源基因,从而抑制干细胞血管巢内的血管形成。
为了证实溶瘤病毒的独具作用,刘福生等从20例恶性胶质瘤标本中成功分离出4例具有干细胞特征的胶质瘤干细胞,用于研究溶瘤病毒对胶质瘤干细胞的溶瘤作用,并观察Endo-Angio外源基因的表达及其活性。
结果发现,分离出的胶质瘤干细胞成球状生长,CD133及Nestin表达阳性,溶瘤病毒在肿瘤细胞内复制到一定的数量后,能够溶解肿瘤细胞,并能选择性的杀伤肿瘤细胞而对正常细胞没有影响;感染溶瘤病毒后仍存活的胶质瘤干细胞,不再具有形成继发性细胞球的能力,即使加入血清诱导也不再具有贴壁分化的能力;同时,肿瘤细胞溶解前48小时,肿瘤干细胞还能够表达具有生物活性的外源融合基因Endo-Angio蛋白。
尽管该病毒类似的1716、G207已经完成了临床Ⅰ期试验,并获得了较为理想的治疗效果。但是,对于该类病毒经基因工程化,是否具有基因在肿瘤干细胞的表达,存有争议。该项研究不仅证实了该类病毒的溶瘤作用,而且通过研究证实了基因工程化的溶瘤病毒具有外源基因的表达,其疗效有望好于1716及G207,为病毒-基因治疗脑恶性胶质瘤开辟了新的治疗途径。
刘福生教授认为,该种治疗方法结合了溶瘤病毒及基因治疗的双重优点,有望成为未来临床脑恶性胶质瘤的一种新的治疗方法。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐原文出处:
Brain Res. 2011 Apr 12.
Glioma stem cells targeted by oncolytic virus carrying endostatin-angiostatin fusion gene and the expression of its exogenous gene in vitro.
Zhu G, Su W, Jin G, Xu F, Hao S, Guan F, Jia W, Liu F.
Abstract
The development of the cancer stem cell (CSCs) niche theory has provided a new target for the treatment of gliomas. Gene therapy using oncolytic viral vectors has shown great potential for the therapeutic targeting of CSCs. To explore whether a viral vector carrying an exogenous Endo-Angio fusion gene (VAE) can infect and kill glioma stem cells (GSCs), as well as inhibit their vascular niche in vitro, we have collected surgical specimens of human high-grade glioma (world health organization, WHO Classes III-VI) from which we isolated and cultured GSCs under conditions originally designed for the selective expansion of neural stem cells. Our results demonstrate the following: (1) Four lines of GSCs (isolated from 20 surgical specimens) could grow in suspension, were multipotent, had the ability to self-renew and expressed the neural stem cell markers, CD133 and nestin. (2) VAE could infect GSCs and significantly inhibit their viability. (3) The Endo-Angio fusion gene was expressed in GSCs 48h after VAE infection and could inhibit the proliferation of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC). (4) Residual viable cells lose the ability of self-renewal and adherent differentiation. In conclusion, VAE can significantly inhibit the activity of GSCs in vitro and the expression of exogenous Endo-Angio fusion gene can inhibit HBMEC proliferation. VAE can be used as a novel virus-gene therapy strategy for glioma.