2012年4月2日,北京生命科学研究所王晓晨实验室和中科院生物物理所欧光朔实验室合作在The Journal of Cell Biology杂志发表题为“Autophagy genes function sequentially to promote apoptotic cell corpse degradation in the engulfing cell,”的文章,文章中,研究者揭示了细胞自噬基因在凋亡细胞降解过程中的新功能。
高等动物中凋亡细胞清除缺陷可导致炎症、免疫紊乱和神经退行性疾病。因此,研究凋亡细胞清除过程具有重要的意义。细胞自噬与凋亡细胞清除是两个均高度依赖于溶酶体降解功能的生物学过程。吞噬细胞中细胞自噬缺陷是否会影响凋亡细胞清除?为了研究这个问题,作者利用转盘碟片共聚焦显微镜记录方法,在单细胞和亚细胞水平上,实时跟踪了野生型和两个细胞自噬突变体atg-18和epg-5幼龄一期秀丽线虫hyp7表皮细胞吞噬并降解Q凋亡细胞的完整过程。研究表明,与野生型相比,突变体中Q凋亡细胞被表皮细胞吞噬所用时间无显著差异,而降解过程显著延迟。表皮细胞特异性表达的ATG-18和EPG-5可挽救突变体缺陷,表明atg-18和epg-5作用于吞噬细胞内促进Q凋亡细胞降解过程。与野生型相比,突变体中吞噬体表面募集凋亡细胞降解所必需的RAB-5、RAB-7蛋白以及吞噬体-溶酶体融合显著延迟。通过实时跟踪表皮细胞内表达的细胞自噬蛋白EGP-5,ATG-18和LGG-1与荧光分子的融合蛋白,作者发现它们分别在不同的阶段被招募到吞噬体表面或附近,暗示它们可能作用于凋亡细胞降解的不同步骤。
李薇博士(生物物理所)、邹炜博士(NIBS)、杨艺红博士(生物物理所)和柴咏平博士(生物物理所)为本文的共同第一作者, 其他作者包括陈宝惠博士(NIBS)、程世亚(NIBS)和田东(生物物理所)。王晓晨博士(NIBS)、Ron Vale博士(UCSF)和欧光朔博士(生物物理所)为本文的共同通讯作者。在北京生命科学研究所的研究工作受到科技部和北京市政府的支持。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1083/jcb.201111053
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Autophagy genes function sequentially to promote apoptotic cell corpse degradation in the engulfing cell
Wei Li1, Wei Zou2, Yihong Yang1, Yongping Chai1, Baohui Chen2, Shiya Cheng2, Dong Tian1, Xiaochen Wang2, Ronald D. Vale3,4, and Guangshuo Ou1,3,4
Apoptotic cell degradation is a fundamental process for organism development, and impaired clearance causes inflammatory or autoimmune disease. Although autophagy genes were reported to be essential for exposing the engulfment signal on apoptotic cells, their roles in phagocytes for apoptotic cell removal are not well understood. In this paper, we develop live-cell imaging techniques to study apoptotic cell clearance in the Caenorhabditis elegans Q neuroblast lineage. We show that the autophagy proteins LGG-1/LC3, ATG-18, and EPG-5 were sequentially recruited to internalized apoptotic Q cells in the phagocyte. In atg-18 or epg-5 mutants, apoptotic Q cells were internalized but not properly degraded; this phenotype was fully rescued by the expression of autophagy genes in the phagocyte. Time-lapse analysis of autophagy mutants revealed that recruitment of the small guanosine triphosphatases RAB-5 and RAB-7 to the phagosome and the formation of phagolysosome were all significantly delayed. Thus, autophagy genes act within the phagocyte to promote apoptotic cell degradation.