近日,来自第二军医大学医学免疫学国家重点实验室、上海海洋大学等处的研究人员发表了题为“Notch Signal Suppresses Toll-like Receptor-triggered Inflammatory Responses in Macrophages by Inhibiting Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase 1/2-mediated Nuclear Factor κB Activation”的文章,提出了一种Toll样受体途径通过Notch信号通路进行负调控的新机制,这将有助于更深入了解Notch途径与Notch信号通路的关联,并且这种巨噬细胞炎症应答机制也为理解炎症调控提出了一种新观点。相关成果公布在《生物化学期刊》JBC杂志上。
文章的通讯作者是第二军医大学曹雪涛院士以及李楠教授,曹雪涛教授05年当选中国工程院院士,主要从事肿瘤免疫治疗和分子免疫学方面的研究,以通讯作者在Nature Immunology、Immunity、Blood、J Immunol,Cancer Res,J Biol Chem等SCI收录的国外知名杂志上发表论文上百篇。
Toll-like receptor(TLR)是免疫系统中的一类重要分子,参与了非特异性免疫(天然免疫),也是连接非特异性免疫和特异性免疫的桥梁。研究证明TLR的严格调控包含了多个信号途径,这对于机体巨噬细胞对病原体作出炎症应答调控具有重要意义。
比如TLR能激活Notch途径,后者是进化中高度保守的信号转导通路, 其调控细胞增殖、分化和凋亡的功能涉及几乎所有组织和器官。之前的研究还发现Notch信号通路在免疫系统的发育和功能方面也扮演了重要角色,但是Notch信号完整通路是否能调控TLR信号途径,来控制炎症应答,这一点科学家们还并不清楚。
在这篇文章中,研究人员通过实验,证明TLR配基刺激能正调控Notch1和Notch2在巨噬细胞中的表达,Notch表达靶向的基因:Hes1和 Hes5,在巨噬细胞中也可以由LPS诱导激活,这说明TLR4信号能增强Notch途径的活性。
而且更重要的是,Notch1(NICD1)和Notch2(NICD2)活性形式的过量表达,会抑制TLR4开启的炎症细胞因子(比如TNF-α 和IL-6)的生成,并且促进抗炎症细胞因子IL-10的生成。
除此之外,NICD1和NICD2还能抑制TLR激活ERK磷酸化,这是Notch介导的TLR4激活炎症细胞因子生成,不可或缺的组成部分,Notch信号途径也能抑制NF-κB 转录活性。
这些研究数据表明Notch信号能负调控TLR激活的炎症应答,从而揭示出TLR途径通过Notch途径介导的一种负调控新机制。
曹雪涛教授研究组多年来在免疫学领域取得了各种重要成果,除了免疫学领域,他们在癌症与miRNA研究方面也取得了不少进展,比如去年他们通过深度测序技术进行人正常肝脏、病毒性肝炎肝脏、肝硬化肝脏和人肝癌microRNA组学分析,发现了microRNA-199表达高低与肝癌患者预后密切相关,证明microRNA-199能够靶向抑制促肝癌激酶分子PAK4而显著抑制肝癌生长,从而为肝癌的预防判断与生物治疗提供了新的潜在靶标。
研究人员先通过深度测序技术首次获得了人正常肝脏、病毒性肝炎肝脏、肝硬化肝脏和人肝癌组织的microRNA组数据,了解到肝癌与正常肝脏microRNA的差别,通过4个独立的肝癌患者临床队列分析,发现人正常肝脏高丰度表达的microRNA-199在人肝癌中普遍性显著降低,并且microRNA-199的低表达与肝癌患者的生存期降低显著相关。进一步发现肝癌组织中组蛋白甲基化改变导致了microRNA-199表达降低,microRNA-199能够靶向抑制PAK4进而抑制下游的ERK信号通路,从而抑制了肝癌细胞的生长。通过肝靶向性腺相关病毒载体介导的microRNA-199基因治疗,显著延长了肝癌裸鼠生存期。由此证明microRNA-199是肝癌预防判断与治疗新的潜在靶标,为肝癌生物治疗提出了新方法。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1074/jbc.M111.310375
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Notch Signal Suppresses Toll-like Receptor-triggered Inflammatory Responses in Macrophages by Inhibiting Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase 1/2-mediated Nuclear Factor κB Activation*
Qinghua Zhang‡§,1, Chunmei Wang‡,1, Zhaolong Liu¶, Xingguang Liu‡, Chaofeng Han‡, Xuetao Cao‡,2 and Nan Li‡,3
Multiple signaling pathways are involved in the tight regulation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, which is important for the tailoring of inflammatory response to pathogens in macrophages. It is widely accepted that TLR signaling can activate Notch pathway; however, whether full activation of Notch signaling can feedback modulate TLR signaling pathway so as to control inflammation response remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that stimulation with TLR ligands up-regulated Notch1 and Notch2 expression in macrophages. The expression of Notch target genes including Hes1 and Hes5 was also induced in macrophages by LPS, suggesting that TLR4 signaling enhances the activation of Notch pathway. Importantly, overexpression of constituted active form of Notch1 (NICD1) and Notch2 (NICD2) suppressed production of TLR4-triggered proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6 but promoted production of antiinflammatory cytokine IL-10, which is dependent on the PEST domain of NICD. In addition, NICD1 and NICD2 suppressed TLR-triggered ERK phosphorylation, which is indispensable for Notch-mediated inhibition of TLR4-triggered proinflammatory cytokine production. Furthermore, activation of Notch signaling inhibited NF-κB transcription activity by MyD88/TRAF6 and TRIF pathways, which was dependent on ERK activity. Therefore, our results showed that Notch signaling negatively regulates TLR-triggered inflammation responses, revealing a new mechanism for negative regulation of TLR signaling via Notch pathway.