研究人员一直对一种被称作肌肉生长抑制素(myostatin, MSN)的肌肉系统蛋白特别感兴趣,这是因为对患有肌肉疾病的病人而言,它是一种潜在的治疗靶标。尽管科学家们已经知道很多关于MSN如何影响肌肉生长的信息,但是他们在它对哪种肌肉细胞发挥作用方面一直未达成共识。在一项新研究中,包括美国卡内基科学研究所研究员Chen-Ming Fan和Christoph Lepper在内的一个研究小组将范围缩小到一种可能类型的肌肉细胞。2012年8月6日,他们的研究成果在线发表在PNAS期刊上。
已知MSN抑制肌肉生长,并且它的作用在包括奶牛、羊、狗、人类和小鼠在内的多种哺乳动物中都是相同的。在缺乏MSN的突变小鼠体内,肌肉质量几乎是正常小鼠的2倍。这种性质使得它成为一种有吸引人的潜在药物靶标。
不过,科学家们在MSN作用于哪种类型的肌肉细胞上一直存在很大分歧:是被称作肌纤维的纤维状肌肉细胞,还是被称作卫星细胞的肌肉干细胞。一些人似乎认为MSN作用于卫星细胞,另外一些人则认为MSN作用于肌纤维。
为此,研究人员利用多种技术---基因技术和药理学方法---来开展实验,并且确定抑制MSN导致的肌肉生长并不显著性参与卫星细胞整合到肌纤维之中。
这项发现对MSN可能被用作一种临床靶标产生重要影响。突出问题在于当病人卫星细胞被全部耗尽时,靶向MSN的药物如何发挥作用。比如,在肌肉萎缩症(muscular dystrophy)中,在疾病初始阶段,卫星细胞被认为能够弥补退化的肌肉细胞,但是随着时间的推移,这种疾病能够导致肌肉干细胞池耗尽。这项研究表明对这种疾病的病人而言,MSN抑制剂仍然可能有益处。(生物谷:Bioon.com)
本文编译自Possible muscle disease therapeutic target found
doi: 10.1073/pnas.1206410109
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Role of satellite cells versus myofibers in muscle hypertrophy induced by inhibition of the myostatin/activin signaling pathway
Se-Jin Leea,1, Thanh V. Huynha, Yun-Sil Leea, Suzanne M. Sebalda, Sarah A. Wilcox-Adelmanb, Naoki Iwamoric, Christoph Lepperd, Martin M. Matzukc,e,f,g,h, and Chen-Ming Fan
Myostatin and activin A are structurally related secreted proteins that act to limit skeletal muscle growth. The cellular targets for myostatin and activin A in muscle and the role of satellite cells in mediating muscle hypertrophy induced by inhibition of this signaling pathway have not been fully elucidated. Here we show that myostatin/activin A inhibition can cause muscle hypertrophy in mice lacking either syndecan4 or Pax7, both of which are important for satellite cell function and development. Moreover, we show that muscle hypertrophy after pharmacological blockade of this pathway occurs without significant satellite cell proliferation and fusion to myofibers and without an increase in the number of myonuclei per myofiber. Finally, we show that genetic ablation of Acvr2b, which encodes a high-affinity receptor for myostatin and activin A specifically in myofibers is sufficient to induce muscle hypertrophy. All of these findings are consistent with satellite cells playing little or no role in myostatin/activin A signaling in vivo and render support that inhibition of this signaling pathway can be an effective therapeutic approach for increasing muscle growth even in disease settings characterized by satellite cell dysfunction.