要猜测出一个糖果罐里杰雷豆(一种豆形糖果)的数量很不容易,那么试试看只凭借观察猜出一个细胞的重量(上图左侧)。
最近,一个研究小组完成了这个“壮举”,他们只是使用了一架标准实验室显微镜和一个数字摄像机,就成功测量出了细胞的重量。研究人员将该技术成果在线发表于《物理评论快报》(PRL)上。
通过分析目标物体如何弯曲以及折射光的情况,研究人员使用图像处理算法就能推断出目标物体的构成。
了解一个物体的构成能帮助科学家推断出它的密度(上图右侧),并且由于显微镜也可以被用于测量一个物体的尺寸和体积,这些数据统合起来能让研究人员测算出细胞的质量。
研究报告指出,通过使用这一技术,参与研究的科学家发现人体血红细胞的平均干质量为27.2万亿分之一克。
这一数据与过去的测量值一致,过去得到这个数据要依赖特别定制的仪器。
研究人员指出,这个新方法有望能帮助监控活的细胞如何生长以及如何随着时间改变,例如对疾病或者环境变化作出响应等。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.118105
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Measurement of Single Cell Refractive Index, Dry Mass, Volume, and Density Using a Transillumination Microscope
Kevin G. Phillips1,*, Steven L. Jacques1, and Owen J. T. McCarty1,2
Phase contrast microscopy has become ubiquitous in the field of biology, particularly in qualitative investigations of cellular morphology. However, the use of quantitative phase retrieval methods and their connection to cellular refractive index and dry mass density remain under utilized. This is due in part to the restriction of phase and cellular mass determination to custom built instruments, involved mathematical analysis, and prohibitive sample perturbations. We introduce tomographic bright field imaging, an accessible optical imaging technique enabling the three dimensional measurement of cellular refractive index and dry mass density using a standard transillumination optical microscope. The validity of the technique is demonstrated on polystyrene spheres. The technique is then applied to the measurement of the refractive index, dry mass, volume, and density of red blood cells. This optical technique enables a simple and robust means to perform quantitative investigations of engineered and biological specimens in three dimensions using standard optical microscopes.