2012年10月31日 讯 /生物谷BIOON/ --人们经常认为细胞内发生的蛋白运输过程与细胞的年龄无关。但是在一项新的研究中,中国台湾中央研究院研究员Hsou-min Li博士领导的一个研究团队发现在植物中,叶绿体年龄差异性地调节着蛋白运输到这种细胞器中。这一发现推翻了一个曾被广泛接受的观点:这种蛋白运输过程是与年龄不相关的。相关研究结果于10月30日发表在PLoS Biology期刊上。
在这项研究中,Li博士和同事们研究了不同年龄的豌豆叶子,结果发现运输到叶绿体---植物细胞中进行光合作用的细胞器---中的蛋白能够分为三组:第一组偏好运输到非常年轻的叶绿体中,第二组没有特别的偏好,而第三组偏好运输到较老的叶绿体中。
由于存在技术上的困难,蛋白运输水平上的年龄依赖性调控一直没有得到深入的研究。如今,利用基因组分析和蛋白质分析产生的大通量数据,研究人员能够测试更多的蛋白,并且能够证实这种调控的确存在,而且每种蛋白受到差异性地的调控。
在发现这种新的调控之后,Li博士研究团队然后试图发现控制年龄选择性的信号。他们发现就每种蛋白而言,年龄选择性信号位于控制蛋白运输到细胞器中的信号肽内。他们还鉴定出蛋白运输到较老的叶绿体中所必需的信号肽基序。
Li博士说,他们相信类似的调控机制可能也存在其他有机体(比如人类)内的其他细胞器中,而且可能存在信号肽基序允许人们特异性地靶向运输治疗性蛋白到衰老心脏组织中的线粒体内。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001416
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Differential Age-Dependent Import Regulation by Signal Peptides
Yi-Shan Teng, Po-Ting Chan, Hsou-min L
Gene-specific, age-dependent regulations are common at the transcriptional and translational levels, while protein transport into organelles is generally thought to be constitutive. Here we report a new level of differential age-dependent regulation and show that chloroplast proteins are divided into three age-selective groups: group I proteins have a higher import efficiency into younger chloroplasts, import of group II proteins is nearly independent of chloroplast age, and group III proteins are preferentially imported into older chloroplasts. The age-selective signal is located within the transit peptide of each protein. A group III protein with its transit peptide replaced by a group I transit peptide failed to complement its own mutation. Two consecutive positive charges define the necessary motif in group III signals for older chloroplast preference. We further show that different members of a gene family often belong to different age-selective groups because of sequence differences in their transit peptides. These results indicate that organelle-targeting signal peptides are part of cells' differential age-dependent regulation networks. The sequence diversity of some organelle-targeting peptides is not a result of the lack of selection pressure but has evolved to mediate regulation.