2012年11月26日 讯 /生物谷BIOON/ --近日,坦普尔大学医学院和宾夕法尼亚大学的一个研究小组科学家们揭示了钙离子进入细胞线粒体的调控机制。
研究人员一次一个地50个基因的活性,确定了位于线粒体膜内侧的蛋白质MCUR1是一个加速器,帮助调节钙进入线粒体。结果刊登在11月25日的Nature Cell Biology杂志上。
了解如何MCUR1发挥作用可能有助于治疗疾病,尤其是那些细胞内钙过量疾病如心血管疾病和中风。钙是调节细胞许多基本生物过程。过多的钙在细胞的线粒体中,可能会导致心脏功能障碍和神经细胞死亡,保持细胞中钙在一个适当的水平是至关重要的。
细胞能量依靠线粒体ATP,反过来ATP的产生又依赖于进入细胞内的钙。长期以来钙进入线粒体是如何被调控的细节一直为明了。
为了确定钙离子进入线粒体调控过程的有关基因。研究人员开发出一种有针对性的RNA干扰(RNAi)技术,筛选50个线粒体蛋白质,测试是否消除这些基因功能,每一个单独的钙进入线粒体会改变运动。
他们发现了一种线粒体内膜蛋白质MCUR1调节钙离子通道。MCUR1是一种钙通道孔单向转运体。当MCUR1附着于钙通道孔时,它是具有功能性的,但当它未附着时,它是不活跃的。MCUR1活动水平增加导致线粒体钙水平额外的提高。
控制钙进入线粒体作为一个有针对性的治疗方式,可以治疗一些疾病如缺血再灌注损伤,中风,脑损伤,缺血和心肌梗死等。我们要控制钙进入线粒体,还需进一步研究其中确切的分子机制。(生物谷:Bioon.com)
doi:10.1038/ncb2622
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MCUR1 is an essential component of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake that regulates cellular metabolism
Karthik Mallilankaraman,César Cárdenas,Patrick J. Doonan,et al.
Ca2+ flux across the mitochondrial inner membrane regulates bioenergetics, cytoplasmic Ca2+ signals and activation of cell death pathways. Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake occurs at regions of close apposition with intracellular Ca2+ release, driven by the inner membrane voltage generated by oxidative phosphorylation and mediated by a Ca2+ selective ion channel (MiCa; ref. 15) called the uniporter whose complete molecular identity remains unknown. Mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) was recently identified as the likely ion-conducting pore19, 20. In addition, MICU1 was identified as a mitochondrial regulator of uniporter-mediated Ca2+ uptake in HeLa cells21, 22. Here we identified CCDC90A, hereafter referred to as MCUR1 (mitochondrial calcium uniporter regulator 1), an integral membrane protein required for MCU-dependent mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. MCUR1 binds to MCU and regulates ruthenium-red-sensitive MCU-dependent Ca2+ uptake. MCUR1 knockdown does not alter MCU localization, but abrogates Ca2+ uptake by energized mitochondria in intact and permeabilized cells. Ablation of MCUR1 disrupts oxidative phosphorylation, lowers cellular ATP and activates AMP kinase-dependent pro-survival autophagy. Thus, MCUR1 is a critical component of a mitochondrial uniporter channel complex required for mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and maintenance of normal cellular bioenergetics.