2012年11月29日讯 /生物谷BIOON/ -- 草药在亚洲整个历史及早期欧洲文化中被广泛使用。最近几年,草药受到了西方医学的重新关注。目前,科学家们正从许多药材中分离提取活性化合物,并记录它们的抗氧化及抗炎症作用。在最近发表于Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science(IOVS)杂志上的一项研究中,美国桑福德-伯纳姆医学研究所(Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute)的Stuart A.Lipton博士及其同事们报告称,草药迷迭香中的一种组分——鼠尾草酸(carnosic acid)能够促进眼睛的健康。
Lipton的团队发现,在培养的细胞中,鼠尾草酸能保护视网膜细胞免于变性及毒性,而在啮齿动物模型中也能够保护视网膜免于光诱导的损伤。他们的发现表明,鼠尾草酸可能对影响外层视网膜的疾病具有临床应用价值,包括年龄相关性黄斑变性,在美国该病是最常见的眼科疾病。
年龄相关性黄斑变性(AMD)
AMD可能有很多的根本性原因。然而,以往的研究表明,抗自由基的化学物质可能会延缓或改善这种疾病。自由基是与氧和氮有关的活性化合物,能够损伤细胞膜及其他细胞过程。
几年前,Lipton的团队发现,鼠尾草酸能够击退大脑中的自由基损害。在最新的研究中,Lipton和他的同事们初步调查了鼠尾草酸在实验室培养的视网膜细胞中的保护机制。
研究人员将培养皿中的细胞暴露于 过氧化氢诱导的氧化应激,这一过程被认为会加速诸如黄斑变性及色素性视网膜炎等眼部疾病进展。他们发现,用鼠尾草酸处理过的细胞,触发了细胞中抗氧化酶的产生,这反过来降低了活性氧和活性氮类自由基及过氧化物的水平。
迷迭香的治疗潜力
Lipton及其同事们进一步在感光细胞光诱导损伤啮齿动物模型中对鼠尾草酸进行了测试。感光细胞是视网膜的一部分,能够将光转换为电信号,产生视觉感知。与未处理组相比,用鼠尾草酸预先处理的啮齿动物,保留了更厚的外层核层,这预示着视网膜的感光细胞得到了保护。鼠尾草酸处理过的啮齿动物,其视网膜电活动也表现的更好。视网膜电活动是健康感光细胞功能的一种测量方法。
有关下一步的计划,Lipton称,正在开发改进的鼠尾草酸衍生物及相关化合物,用于保护视网膜及其他大脑区域免受数种退行性疾病,包括年龄相关性黄斑变性及各种形式的老年痴呆症。
该团队的成员来自于Nagase & Co公司、艾尔建(Allergan)公司、岩手大学(Iwate University),将继续致力于鼠尾草酸的研究。
Sanford-Burnham研究所是一个合作研究机构,致力于发现疾病的根本性分子病因,以及开展在癌症、神经退行性疾病、糖尿病、感染、炎症、儿科疾病等方面重大研究项目,开发创新性疗法。(生物谷bioon.com)
编译自:Compound Found in Rosemary Protects Against Macular Degeneration in Laboratory Model
doi:10.1167/iovs.12-10793
PMC:
PMID:
Protective effect of carnosic acid, a pro-electrophilic compound, in models of oxidative stress and light-induced retinal degeneration.
T. Rezaie, S. R. McKercher, K. Kosaka, et al
Abstract:Purpose:The herb rosemary has been reported to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. We have previously shown that carnosic acid (CA), present in rosemary extract, crosses the blood–brain barrier to exert neuroprotective effects by upregulating endogenous antioxidant enzymes via the Nrf2 transcriptional pathway. Here we investigated the antioxidant and neuroprotective activity of CA in retinal cell lines exposed to oxidative stress and in a rat model of light-induced retinal degeneration (LIRD). Methods:Retina-derived cell lines ARPE-19 and 661W treated with hydrogen peroxide were used as in vitro models for testing the protective activity of CA. For in vivo testing, dark-adapted rats were given intraperitoneal injections of CA prior to exposure to white light to assess protection of the photoreceptor cells. Retinal damage was assessed by measuring outer nuclear layer thickness and by electroretinogram (ERG). Results:In vitro, CA significantly protected retina-derived cell lines (ARPE-19 and 661W) against H2O2-induced toxicity. CA induced antioxidant phase 2 enzymes and reduced formation of hyperoxidized peroxiredoxin (Prx)2. Similarly, we found that CA protected retinas in vivo from LIRD, producing significant improvement in outer nuclear layer thickness and ERG activity. Conclusions:These findings suggest that CA may potentially have clinical application to diseases affecting the outer retina, including age-related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa, in which oxidative stress is thought to contribute to disease progression.