据新华社6月5日报道,一个意大利研究团队日前宣布,他们尝试在骨髓中部分再造胰腺功能获得成功,这将有助于糖尿病患者在胰腺切除手术后提高生活质量、降低并发症风险。最新出版的学术期刊《糖尿病》刊登了这一发现。
米兰圣拉斐尔医院的这个研究团队修改了针对1型糖尿病患者的胰岛移植程序。他们从捐赠者的胰腺中提取内分泌细胞,植入患者的盆骨骨髓中,“再造”部分胰腺功能。目前,研究团队已经在4位胰腺全部切除的糖尿病患者身上进行了临床试验,经过3年观察,植入的内分泌组织在患者骨髓中“扎根并工作”。
通常情况下,部分糖尿病患者胰腺被摘除后,由于来自胰腺的胰岛素及胰高血糖素等激素分泌被破坏,致使胰腺在体内承担的糖代谢调节功能缺失,给病人生活带来很多不便。新研究正是致力于改变这种状况。
此外,新研究的意义还在于证明了内分泌组织等非造血组织也可以在骨髓之类的环境中存活并发挥功用,而通常的理解是骨髓里主要存在造血干细胞。这可能为再生医学打开一扇新的窗户。
生物谷推荐的文章内容
Diabetes doi: 10.2337/diab.9.6.447
Effects of Insulin on Blood Glucose Entry and Removal Rates in Man
George A. Reichard, A. Gerson Jacobs, Philip Kimbel, Norman J. Hochella, Sidney Weinhouse
By measuring the rate of decline of the specific radioactivity of blood glucose following injection of a single dose of glucose uniformly labeled with carbon-14, one can calculate its rates of entry to and removal from the blood.In applying this procedure in experiments with intact dogs and human subjects results were obtained that indicated that the immediate hypoglycemic action of insulin is due not only to an accelerated removal, but also to a lowered inflow of blood glucose. However, the relative quantitative importance of each of these effects is still uncertain. Inasmuch as the liver is in all likelihood the principal source of the blood glucose, and since this organ has a considerable capacity for binding insulin, it may be anticipated that hepatic effects of insulin might predominate during its slow introduction into the blood, such as would occur when it is physiologically secreted. It has been reported that intraportal injection of insulin is not as effective in lowering blood sugar as peripheral venous injection. Moreover, the oral hypoglycemic agents, whose effects are generally attributed to their ability to stimulate pancreatic insulin secretion, apparently suppress hepatic glucose output but have little effect on peripheral glucose utilization. To gain further information on the possible quantitative importance of an hepatic effect of insulin, a series of experiments was conducted in which a slow, steady introduction of insulin into the bloodstream was established by subcutaneous injection of the hormone.
The results of the earlier studies were extended and confirmed in indicating that a slow, regular entry of insulin into the blood prolongs the hepatic effect and decreases the peripheral action as compared with a single intravenous injection.